1918] SARGENT—CARYA 237 
be recognized by the close slightly ridged dark bark which never 
becomes flaky, by the dense pubescence on the under surface of the 
leaflets and on the rachis and petioles, and by the conspicuous 
reticulate veinlets of the leaflets. The fruit varies from globose to 
short-oblong, obovoid or ovoid, and is rounded or pointed at apex. 
The involucre is always thick and usually opens freely nearly to the 
base by 3 or 4 sutures, the valves generally remaining connected 
below. The nut is more or less compressed, rounded or acute at 
base, rounded, acute, or acuminate at apex, slightly ridged usually 
to the base, and tinged with red; in drying the thick shell often 
cracks transversely. 
This is the common hickory of the south Atlantic and eastern 
Gulf states, and is always called hickory by the inhabitants of that 
part of the country, descriptive names being used for the other 
species. It is less common at the north, and I have not seen speci- 
mens from any part of New England north of eastern Massachusetts, 
from eastern Canada, from Ontario except from the southwestern 
corner, or from New York west of the Hudson River. It is not rare 
in Ohio, southern Michigan, Indiana, and Illinois, and becomes very 
abundant in Missouri and Arkansas; in Florida it is rare except 
in the northern counties. It is one of the commonest species in 
Alabama, Mississippi, and Louisiana, and reaches eastern Oklahoma 
and eastern Texas. : 
The leaflets, which are usually 7, but occasionally 9, vary much 
in thickness, and a southern form with very large and thick leaflets 
has been described as var. subcoriacea Sargent, Trees and Shrubs 
2:207. 1913. This is the common form of southern Arkansas and 
occurs occasionally from Virginia to Florida, through the Gulf 
_ States to eastern Texas, and through-Arkansas to Missouri, and has 
been. found in Posey County, Indiana (C. C. Deam). 
A form of C. alba with obovoid fruit, narrowed and rounded 
above and narrowed below into a stipelike base and compressed 
nuts acuminate at the ends, has been described as var. ficoides 
Sargent (/.c. 206). The type of this variety is in a cemetery at 
Webb City, Jasper County, Missouri. The same form was collected 
in 1894 at Ocean Springs, Jackson County, Mississippi, by Josehine 
Skehan. Nuts of C. alba acute or acuminate at apex are not 
