446 BOTANICAL GAZETTE [NOVEMBER 
forms (contrary to the opinion of DaGuILLoN 5). In fact, transi- 
tions are observed. The first needle to appear on juvenile pines 
shows anatomical features of juvenile leaves (figs. 9-17); and 
J] Fic. 12 
Fic, 11 
Fries. 11-13.—Fig. 11, transition from one vascular bundle to two semi-bundles in 
successive transverse sections from apex to base of needle: primary wood at apex 
(I) grouped into one bundle and like wood in juvenile leaves or in leaves of ancestral 
hypodermal cell present except below stomatal cells; letters as in fig. 13; fig. 13, St0- 
matal and epide cells of needle on adult pine: a, cutin, staining orange with 
Sudan IIT; /, lignin, staining red with phloroglucin; }, thickening of epidermal cells, 
staining green with cotton blue; c, thickening of hypodermal cells; /, hypoderm; 
e*, epidermis; s', stomatal cell (note local thinning of lignified wall, forming hinges). 
transitions from one vascular bundle (as shown in juvenile leaves) 
to two semi-bundles (as typical of needles) is observed in successive 
sections of needles from the apex downward (fig. 11).7 Needles 
_’ The anatomy of needles varies so much from apex to base as to make all com- 
parison worthless unless distance of the transverse section from the apex be clearly 
stated. The same statement applies to the age of the needle and the season when 
matérial is collected. 
