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INTRODUCTION 



I. 



The Varieties of the Root are^ : 



(^Jibrosa'J 



J 



number of threads or fibres, as in most 



f. 



grasses. See Agrostts fascicula. 

 eeping, (^repens)^ when the ro 



Holcus mollis, Sc 



IbouSj CbulbosaJ, w 

 Hordeum bidbosmn'\. 



II. 



The Varieties of the Straw, Stem, or Culm, are 



r..^^ . 



1. Quite simple, (simjjUssimus), without any branches, as in Melica ccerulea. 



2. Simple, (simplex), that sometimes has more than one branch, as in Poa nemoralis. 



3. Somewhat branched, (subramosus), that has often several branches, as in Jgrostis Mexicana, 



4. Erect, ferecliisj, when the straw stands nearly perpendicular, as in Alopecurus pratensis, 



5. Straight, (sirictusj, when the stem is quite straight, as in Trichodium rupestre. 



6. Ascending, (ascendensj, when the lower part of the straw lays on the ground, and the 



upper part of it grows upright, as in Poa compressa, 

 7- Decumbent, (decumbens), when the lower part of the straw rises in an oblique direction 



to the horizon, and the upper part bends down towards it. See Festuca decumbens, 



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8. Procumbent, (procumbens), is when the straw lies flat on the ground, without striking roots 



at the joints. See Poa procumbens. 



9. Creeping, (repens), when the straw creeps on the ground, and sends out roots from the 



joints, as in Agrostis siolonifera, 



10. Naked, (midusj, having very few leaves with short sheaths, as in Melica ccerulea and Fes- 



tuca ovzna. 



(setaceusX ^^^h short sheaths and slender stem, as in Festuca tenuifi 



(teres), that is, cylindrical. See Festuca glabra. ' 

 md, (semiteres), that is, flat on one side and roui 

 ssed, (compressus), when the stem is flat on both 

 ^ed, (anceps), when a compressed straw is sharp < 

 rnered, (tetragonus), three or four round or obtus 



e other. See Poa ft 

 See Poa compressa. 



Festuca ovina. 



See 



* To tho.e, >vl,o wish to enter fully into the study of Botany, I may be permitted to recommend Dr. Smith's " Introduction " 



or that by Dr. Willdenew, Withering, and Thornton, a, adapted to afford every facility; having consulted each of these worts 

 in what relates to the Grasses. * ' 



t A bulb is compared to a bud under ground, producing shoots from its middle or sides; the bulbs of the crocus or hya- 



cnth, .s not properly the root, but a part of the stem ; the fibres are the proper roots. The carrot, turnip, potatoe,' &c are 



^ tuberous roots, for these have eyes formed on the surface, which particularly distinguish them fro. bulbs properly so called. 



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