1915] CURRENT LITERATURE 79 
efficiency and more scientific knowledge of the principles underlying the 
various phases of forest administration, and these demands are being met as 
far as the limited funds permit.—Gro. D. FULLER. 
Parasitic fungi of Wisconsin.—Davis* has brought together in a single 
list the parasitic fungi of Wisconsin reported in a succession of previous lists, 
beginning with that of A. F. Bunpy, published in the Report of the Geological 
Survey issued in 1873-1879, and including 30 species. The next list was that 
of TRELEASE (1884), and since then Davis has been indefatigable in adding 
species which justified the publication at intervals of supplementary lists. 
The final list contains 825 species of parasitic fungi and about 750 hosts. The 
Phycomycetes are represented by 61 species, 24 of which belong to Peronospora. 
The Ascomycetes number 502 species, the largest genus being Septoria, with 
I2I species. The wean number 256 species, all but 6 of which are 
smuts and rusts.—J. M. C. 
Sand dune plants.—In a study of the flora of some sand dunes near 
the sea between Redonda and Venice, California, Coucu,? has made a flor- 
istic census of a number of quadrats, showing that in this area Gaertneria 
bipinnatifida is the dominant pioneer plant, but as the succession advances 
with i increasing stability of the substratum, it is succeeded by Abronia umbel- 
lata, which is closely followed by Eriogonum parvifolium, Adenostoma fasci- 
culatum, Cheiranthus suffrutescens, and Lupinus Chamissonis. Attention is 
also directed to the two kinds of competition here evident, that between the 
plants and ~ environment, and that between the plants themselves.— 
EO. D. FULLE 
Antagonistic symbiosis in lichens.—TREBOUX’® studies of Cystococcus 
humicola, an alga that occurs free in nature and also in symbiosis with lichen 
fungi, lead him to the view that the lichen fungus is essentially parasitic. He 
concludes that the physiology of this alga is the same, whether inside or outside 
of a fungal symbiont; it does not require protein food (peptone) in either case, 
but can secure its nitrogen from nitrates or ammonium salts. Among the 
points in favor of the theory of parasitism are the smaller size of the symbiotic 
algae as compared with the free algae, less frequent cell division, diseased aspect 
where in contact with haustoria, and the relative absence of pyrenoid starch.— 
H. C. Cowts. 
* Davis, J. J., A provisional list of the parasitic fungi of Wisconsin. Trans. Wis. 
Acad. Sci. 17: 846-984. 1914. 
. tg E. B., Notes on the ecology of sand dune plants. Plant World 17: 204- 
209. 1914. 
ux, O., Die freilebende Alge und die Gonidie Cystococcus humicola in 
Bezug auf ‘tie Flechtensymbiose. Ber. Deutsch. Bot. Gesells. 30:69-80. 1912 
