1915] BOVIE—SCHUMANN RAYS 151 
organism was killed more quickly than a large one. With a given 
intensity of light, an exposure of several minutes was not sufficient 
to kill such organisms as rotifers and minute worms, while 
Sphaerella-like swarmspores, which contain both chlorophyll and 
an “‘eye-spot,”’ were killed almost instantly. The swarmspores 
were killed so quickly that there was not sufficient change in 
temperature to be indicated by the thermal junction. The proto- 
plasm of the swarmspores which had been killed by the light had 
a granular appearance. Often some of the protoplasm was extruded 
from the cell and was rounded up into drops. 
The cells of a large Spirogyra of the crassa type were killed by 
an exposure of 45 seconds when the discharge tube was carrying 
18 milliamperes. The various cell organs were affected quite 
differently by the exposure to the light; for instance, the nucleus 
became enlarged, while the chlorophyll bands contracted about 
it and became disorganized. 
Active amoebae often showed very marked negative phototro- 
pism. The tips of their extended pseudopodia usually turned 
upward away from the light. Often a pseudopodium was pushed 
up from the upper surface of the body. The nucleus, together 
with a large portion of the granular endoplasm, flowed into this 
pseudopodium, leaving a clear ectoplasm below. With an amoeba 
in this condition, a properly timed exposure killed all of the lower 
part without killing the upper part; so that after the exposure, 
the protoplasm contained in the vertical pseudopodium moved 
away, leaving the coagulated lower part behind. In some cases, 
so much of the protoplasm flowed up into the pseudopodium that 
the amoeba became too heavy and toppled over. One amoeba 
was seen to send up a pseudopodium, to fall over, and then to 
repeat the process three times before it was killed. 
Under the influence of the Schumann rays the endoplasm con- 
tracted, so that there appeared to be an increase in the amount of 
ectoplasm. The line separating the endoplasm from the ectoplasm 
was sharply defined. After a prolonged exposure, there was often 
a peculiar flowing of the granular endoplasm out into the ectoplasm. 
It did not appear to be the same kind of motion which one observes 
in the regular streaming of the protoplasm, but it was not easy to 
