306 BOTANICAL GAZETTE [APRIL 
and similar forms as hybrids between Coreopsis and Bidens. Still 
later, Britton (Bull. Torr. Bot. Club 20: 280-281. 1893), em- 
phasizing the instability of the barb-direction character for Bidens 
frondosa L., and also separating the two genera on general grounds 
rather than by one particular character, transferred six species 
from Coreopsis to Bidens. The validity of these transfers has 
since been accepted unhesitatingly by all prominent American 
botanists who have critically studied the Eastern United States 
species of Bidens, among them WIEGAND (Bull. Torr. Bot. Club 
26: 401. 1899), GREENE (e.g., Leafl. Bot. Crit. 1: 200.7 1906), and 
RoBinson and FERNALD (Gray’s Man. ed. 7. p. 839. 1908). It is 
also implied by many other American botanists working upon the 
species of other regions but following the same distinctions, a 
singular case being that of BRANDEGEE’s description (Zoe 5: 239- 
1908) of Bidens alpina and GREENMAN’s description (Proc. 
Amer. Acad. 41: 264. 1905) of Bidens sarmentosa. The achenes are 
described for B. alpina as “nearly smooth; awns none or two 
varying from 1 mm. long to rudiments, corneous and not barbel- 
late’; for B. sarmentosa, as “glabrous or sparingly hispidulous, 
awnless or with reduced awns.’’ But, on investigation, these 
species are found to be identical; in turn, B. sarmentosa, which 
from priority of publication would otherwise stand as the accepted 
species, is found to match’ in every character Coreopsis anthe- 
moides DC., having achenes described (DC. Prodr. 5:573- 1836) 
s “(immaturis) linearibus glabris brevissime bidentatis.’”’ Thus, 
a species placed by DECANDOLLE in Coreopsis, evidently because 
of its very short awns, was independently referred by BRANDEGEE 
and by GREENMAN, about 70 years later, to Bidens, evidently 
Thus, eat refers to Bidens a plant (“B. tenuissima’’) with “erect, upwardly 
barbed awns.’ 
I have examined several authentic cotypes of B. alpina, the type and numerous 
yee cotypes of B. sarmentosa, also several cotypes of “Coreopsis anthemoides” 
(Bidens anthemoides Sherff, Bor. Gaz. 56:493. 1913). War conditions in Europe 
have precluded for the present my examination of DECANDOLLE’s type at Geneva. 
However, the characters cited by DECANDOLLE and his comparison of this species 
with Anthemis arvensis, which it at times simulates in habit to a remarkable degree, 
leave no doubt that the cotypes examined (in Herb. Brit. Mus. and elsewhere) truth- 
fully represent the type. 
