go BOTANICAL GAZETTE [AUGUST 
For an account of the physical aspects of the Hawaiian Islands, 
their topography, climate, volcanoes, soils, and geological history, 
all of which have important and complicated relations with the 
flora, the reader is referred to such standard treatises as BALDWIN’S 
Geography of the Hawaiian Islands, Bryan’s Natural history of 
Hawaii, Hircucock’s Volcanoes of the Hawaiian Islands, and the 
excellent article on Hawaii in the latest edition of the Encyclopedia 
Britannica. 
Fic. t.—Map of the larger islands of the Hawaiian Archipelago 
Endemism 
A few quantitative statements will elucidate the remarkable 
endemism of the Hawaiian land flora. There are approximately 
1200 species of native plants, exclusive of algae, fungi, and 
bryophytes. This is also exclusive of the 25, more or less, brought 
_in by the primitive Hawaiians, and discussed later in this paper. 
ee ve this number about 200 ks — ‘introduced and estab 
