1917] MaAcCAUGHEY—HAWAIIAN FLORA gt 
calculation to “‘flowering” plants alone, it is estimated that more 
than 85 per cent are endemic. This is a proportion unequaled in 
the annals of geographical botany. It is particularly significant 
when compared with the 34 per cent of Samoa, 35 per cent of 
Tahiti, and 53 per cent of Fiji. 
New Zealand, with a land area of 100,000 sq. m., 16 times 
that of Hawaii, has no more species of flowering plants than 
Hawaii, and its percentage of endemism, about 75, is markedly 
lower. Japan, with a total area of 175,000 sq. m., some 28 times 
that of the Hawaiian Archipelago, has but 1500 species of flower- 
ing plants, only 300 more than Hawaii. There is no other region 
on the earth, of similar area, with so large a list of easiee forms 
In addition to the native flora proper, there are probably tooo 
additional species in cultivation or semicultivation in the planta- 
tions, ranches, gardens, nurseries, and fern and orchid houses of 
waii. These have been gathered from all parts of the world, 
with a natural emphasis upon tropical and subtropical species. _ 
The lucid and Sr statement of PERKINS, the emi- 
nent student of Hawaiian zoology, is pertinent at this point. 
A. comparative study of the many groups of animals represented in the 
ce at <i ee a q ae Pe a . of. } ich : 
ss Se Sei, i sone Which She lalocisies Wo ian cic khown to 
thrive in the islands, show clearly how hardly and rarely have immigrants — 
reached them from outside. A limited number of birds and —— a 
of well known migratory habits, for 
a arrive Pate eee these, only : 
. = peat damm toe er de = er 
