g2 BOTANICAL GAZETTE [AUGUST 
of forms widely distributed elsewhere, the same multiplication of allied species 
of many of the genera that are present, the same groups of allied genera, 
embracing many species. I believe that the explanation of these facts is 
quite in accordance with that which I think to be true of the fauna, as above 
stated. .... The present Hawaiian fauna is derived from waifs and strays 
from all directions. At rare intervals from the Eocene till now chance immi- 
grants have arrived. Some have been able to establish themselves, many 
more probably, even after a landing had been effected, have failed. Those 
that have been successful and have found congenial conditions have often 
thriven amazingly, giving rise to hosts of descendant species, as they have 
become adapted to or become modified by diverse conditions. .... Where 
conditions have proved favorable and remained so, and plant or animal has 
become adapted to special conditions, an exuberance of distinct forms has: 
sprung from the ancient immigrant. Such cases are manifest in the Lobelia- 
ceae amongst plants, and in many groups of animals, the Drepanididae 
(birds), Plagithmysidae (insects), Achatinellidae (mollusca), and many others. 
Such form the chief and most interesting part of the native fauna and flora 
of the present day.s 
Precinctivity 
A second notable feature of the flora is the highly precinctive 
ranges of many species and varieties. This sharply defined 
localization of habitat has reached a very advanced stage with 
many forms. The condition is closely analogous to the equally 
bien precinctive distribution of the arboreal snails (Achati- 2 
; , and many of the native birds and insects, and is 
ecslnenly mil to the same environmental sage evolutionary 
factors. 
oe ee statement may be made chasirvativey that a very large 
percentage. of the endemic Hawaiian plants are closely confined 
_ within areas of a few square miles, and in many instances of a few : 
oe square | rods." aes botanical explorations of the past few 
