1917] MacCAUGHEY—HAWAHAN FLORA 97 
plant or group of allied plants has existed in the islands, the botanist would 
be well advised to consider the fauna that is especially attached to these. 
When one considers that trees little modified from foreign species, for example, 
Acacia koa or Sophora chrysophylla, possess a great endemic fauna, not only 
species, but even genera of birds and insects, quite restricted to or dependent 
on them, and that some of these creatures are certainly themselves not less 
remarkable in their peculiarities than the most peculiar of the composites or 
lobelias, we may hesitate to attribute such plants to a later era than many 
other elements of the flora, which at first sight appear far more ancient. 
Again, while in the islands an abundant endemic fauna restricted to a 
plant indicates an ancient occupation by the latter, the absence of such a 
fauna does not necessarily imply the reverse. In a fauna of comparatively 
few types it may happen that few or no species have reached the islands that 
could become adapted to certain elements even after great length of time. [I 
think that those who are in favor of the comparatively frequent accession of 
immigrants to account for the great series of allied species, or groups of allied 
eh ee ee HircH- 
cock remarks in writing of the most recent portion of the group, the still 
active Mauna Loa on Hawaii, when one considers how little the bulk of the 
mountain is made up of the few flows delineated on the map, and how small 
| by 
that there ng i a f£ sl sy Le 8 ie e : i aaeeined 
rap agelvors sae ieaemeanny "hae bra eed ala 
up long before the Tertiary period. And here he is ee 
eee e - 
Iti is significant that the gy no ms are Coreikery absent oo 
- the native Hawaiian dora: ao ‘and conifers I have been intro- — 
duced in recent years. 
