1917] | MACCAUGHEY—HAWAIIAN FLORA 105 
densely covered with shining silvery pubescence; from this body 
arises a tall inflorescence (6-8 ft.) of showy purple flowers. This 
unique herbaceous perennial is xerophytic, and occurs only at 
high elevations on Maui and Hawaii. 
Lipochaeta, Coreopsis, and Tetramolopium are large genera of 
herbaceous or semiligneous perennials; there are 10 or 12 species 
in each genus, mostly endemic. The flowers are small, but very 
numerous, and form showy masses of rich yellow. Bidens, Agera- 
tum, Xanthium, Sonchus, Vernonia, Erigeron, Gnaphalium, Fran- 
seria, Eclipta, and Centaurea are common weeds of the roadsides 
and fields. 
Modern research in ornithology has demonstrated the existence 
of several bird migration routes from South America to the north 
via Hawaii. The Hawaiian goose and the Pacific golden plover 
furnish specific instances of these long over-sea migrations. Inas- 
much as a number of the endemic composites show close affinity 
with certain Andean and other South American species, it is 
highly probable that they were carried thither by migrating birds.” 
A number of other native plants were probably brought by 
the same agencies, for example, Rubus, several endemic species, 
closely related to Pacific Coast forms; Nertera depressa, with 
fleshy red drupes, a South Pacific Coast species; Fragaria chilensis, 
which also occurs along Pacific America; Dodonea viscosa, with - : : 
glutinous capsules, and widely a o sndtcemee, es 
and others. : 
: The vast family Leguminosae, rivaled in size and distsibasion 
oS only ae the Compositae, i is abundantly represe ee 
oe Sophora, tetany anit: a rina, are arbo 
_ ‘ies occur in dae Canavalia, Vigna, ee 
