Ii2 BOTANICAL GAZET TE [AUGUST 
habitats of many mosses, which completely cover the water- 
saturated ground of large areas, and mask the treacherous 
quagmire.* The liverworts, including the Marchantiales, Antho- 
cerotales, and Jungermanniales, are abundant in the humid 
regions, many species being epiphytic and epiphyllous. Species 
of Marchantia, Anthoceros, and related genera are conspicuous along 
streamways and in other moist places. 
Fungi 
The larger fungi are conspicuously absent from the woodlands. 
There are a few woody brackets, a few dull-colored mushrooms, a 
few puffballs and trembling fungi. The sum total of all these 
is insignificant, however, when compared with the rich fungus 
flora of such.a region as the eastern United States. One may 
gather more fleshy fungi in a day’s collecting in New York, for 
example, than he would find in diligently scouring our forests for 
a week. This condition is somewhat surprising, as the cool, 
humid rain forest zone, with its abundance of decaying vegetation, 
would appear to be favorable for the development of the fleshy 
fungi. A number of species of slime molds occur in the ravines 
and jungles. It is to be regretted that no comprehensive study of 
the Hawaiian fungi has been made.*5 
Lichens are abundant in all parts of the islands. They com- 
_ prise the first invaders of the freshly cooled lava flows. They 
-Juxuriate in the cool humidity of the rain forest and the summit 
bogs. They cover the exposed cliffs and ledges of the middle 
zones, and withstand the aridity of the leeward lowlands and of 
the high mountains (6000-14,000 ft.). The lichen flora not only 
_ occupies a wide variety of ecological areas, but furthermore is 
Ls of considerable richness. No comprehensive statement can be 
a and species, as the Haves venir: have never : 
ay received exhaustive study. : 
tropes a Beology 35 24-30. te 
