278 BOTANICAL GAZETTE [OCTOBER 
In June 1915 the writer obtained a pure culture of Papulospora 
magnifica from Dr. B. O. Dopce for identification, with permission 
to make a cultural study of it. The fungus was originally found 
in New York City in April 1912, associated with Ascobolus mag- 
nificus Dodge, growing on horse dung in moist chamber cultures. 
Donce (3) is inclined to consider this as parasitic on the mycelium 
of A. magnificus, having traced ‘‘a direct connection between the 
mycelium of the parasite . . . . and the mycelium of the host.” 
He also shows by figures this definite connection. In a later 
statement (4) he suggests that the Papulospora may be anes, 
with Ascobolus magnificus “either as a parasite or as an 
spore form of the Ascobolus. If the former is the case, the ee 
of the parasite is intrahyphal; if the latter is true, then the phe- 
nomenon known as ‘Durchwachsung’ is extremely complicated 
in the mycelium of this Ascobolus.”’ 
As has already been indicated, bulbils must in all instances be 
regarded as representing imperfect conditions of the higher fungi; 
and, like the members of other more or less clearly defined form 
genera, may be associated with perfect conditions included in 
wholly unrelated genera of the Ascomycetes and Basidiomycetes. 
A bulbiferous condition has been found associated with the genus 
Cubonia (6) belonging to the same family as Ascobolus, so that it is 
not inconsistent with the general characteristics of the form genus 
_ Papulospora to consider the bulbils of P. magnifica as an imperfect — 
condition of Ascobolus magnificus. All efforts, however, have 
failed to obtain the ascocarp from pure cultures of the a 
although repeated attempts have been made to do so by growing : 
the fungus on a great variety of media which were exposed to differ- 
_ ent constant temperatures. Although the majority of the species: oe 
of sib ehiesters are. > undoubtedly saprophytic, there are some 
stb by Riecae (7) as parasitic on beets, while Cosranrty (2) se 
- described P °. dalliae as connected with the roots of dahlias, pens 
P. parasitica (Karsten) BH was de 
