348 BOTANICAL GAZETTE — [OCTOBER 
- of walking in Virginia and the Carolinas. To obtain the relative abundance 
of species in the area involved3* he counted the number of times each species 
was mentioned in the notes, and multiplied the figures for Pinus Taeda and 
P. palustris by 5, and for the other conifers by 3 before calculating the per- 
centages. The figures for smaller trees were divided by 2 or by 10, for shrubs 
by 100, and for herbs by 500. The results were tabulated and are rather 
interesting. Some estimates of annual increment of the whole vegetation, 
of the amount of mineral matter taken each year from the soil, and of the 
amount of water transpired are based upon these analyses. —GrEo. D. FULLER. 
Forest sanitation—In a recent bulletin MerrNecKE? emphasizes the 
importance and also the difficulties of giving phytopathology a proper place 
in forest regulation. He elaborates methods of investigation and application, 
exemplifying by an actual study of Abies concolor. Forest sanitation is the 
keynote of the remedial measures proposed, a system of forest regulation which 
will give proper attention to the removal or destruction of diseased indi- 
viduals from the community. 
It is also interesting to note that Wetr,* after discussing the character 
and nature of the injuries due to various mistletoes, outlines methods of forest 
sanitation consisting of directing cutting so as to effect the removal of diseased © 
communities and individuals. Such methods of forest sanitation he believes 
ill become increasingly practicable with the increasing demand for cutting 
privileges in the National Forest Reserves —Gro. D. FULLER. 
an sand dunes.—In a recent bulletin SaANForD® estimates that 
weds dunes stretch for over 400 miles along shore lines of the state of Michigan 
and cover not less than 550 square miles of its territory. In the southern 
peninsula, with the removal of the forests, many of the dunes are becoming 
active again and now constitute a menace to valuable fruit growing lands. 
The importance of maintaining a forest cover is pointed out, and the various 
recognized methods of dune reclamation are described. The failure of certain 
efforts to control dune movement by planting is shown to be due to a dis- 
continuance of work before the final cover of permanent forest growth becomes 
established. Such plantings made by the government at Manistee in 1902 
resulted in a temporary cover, which a small amount of subsequent planting 
38 HarPER, R. M., A quantitative, ‘hse and dynamic study of the vegeta- 
tion of the Pinus Taeda belt of Virginia and the Carolinas. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club 
44° ite te 
, E. P., Forest pathology in Soseks regulation. U.S. Dept. Agric. 
Bull. me Pp. Fs 1916 
EIR, J.R See suggestions on the control of mistletoe in the national forests 
of pe pnerescas Forest Quart. 14:567-577. 1916: 
4 SanrorpD, F. H., Michigan shifting sands: their control and better utilization. 
Mich. Agric. Coll. Exp. Sta. Bull. 79. pp. 31. figs. 22. 1916. 
