352 BOTANICAL GAZETTE [OCTOBER 
and A. Dracontium. The tapetal cells early show peculiarities of cell wall, 
cytoplasm, and nucleus. The wall entirely disappears, and the freed proto- 
plasts form a “periplasm”’ that spreads through the cavity of the sporangium. 
The forms assumed by the tapetal nuclei, as well as their peculiarities of struc- 
ture Jesse the possibility of “active migration among the developing pollen 
spores.”—J. M. C. 
Vermont trees.—One of the most recent additions to the rather large 
series of tree manuals is from Vermont. It closely resembles that from 
Michigan previously reviewed,54 but it has been revised and modified to meet 
the slightly different conditions in the new region. There are two sets of 
keys, one for winter and another for summer use. These, together with the 
illustrations, should make the identification of any tree an easy matter.— 
Gro. D. FULLER. 
Fossil Sequoia from Japan.—Miss Yasut has*s described a new species 
of Sequoia (S. hondoensis) from a coal field of Japan belonging to the Tertiary. 
The genus was recognized, not only by its normal structural features, but also 
by characteristic wound reactions. This discovery adds to the evidence of the 
wide distribution of Sequoia during the Tertiary, and also adds testimony to 
e assertion that Sequoia has descended from the Pityoxylon type.—J. M C. 
The vegetation of New York State—Brays has compiled a useful 
description of the vegetation of New York State, seen from the viewpoint of 
an ecologist. The state is divided into zones according to MERRIAM’s system, 
a map showing the modifications of the zones resulting from differences in 
altitude and the changes due to soil and to proximity to the Great Lakes is 
produced. The various forest types are well described.—Gero. D. FULLER. 
Anatomy of epiphytic orchids—Curtis*’ has published a detailed account 
of the anatomy of 6 epiphytic orchids from New Zealand. Considerable varia- 
tion is shown in the extent and distribution of the different tissues, and the 
paper is full of data that will be useful when the anatomy of orchids comes to 
be organized.—J. M. C. 
ss Burns, G. P., and Oris, C. H., The trees of Vermont. Vt. Agric. Exp. Sta. 
Bull. 194. oe 244. pls. 90. 1916. 
54 Bot. Gaz. 57:77. 1914. 
ss Yasut, Kono, A ~— wood of Sequoia from the Tertiary of Japan. Ann. 
Botany 31: 101-106. fl. 4. 1917. 
% Bray, W. L., The aan of the vegetation at jae York State. N.Y. 
State Coll. Tema: Syracuse Univ. Publ. 3:pp. 186. figs. 52. 1915. 
s7 Curtis, K. M., The anatomy of 6 -— species of the New Zealand 
i Ann, Hoteny 31:133-149. pls. 7-12. 1917 
