376 BOTANICAL GAZETTE [NOVEMBER 
plants of the mixed grassland, such as Liatris, Chrysopsis, Eriogo- 
num ‘alatum, etc. The tufted bunch-grass growth-form is well 
known; the roots are deep and numerous; the plants are mostly 
late in flowering; they are active during the whole growing season, 
depending on a constant moisture supply. The chief habitats in 
the foothills which satisfy this condition are rocky or very coarse 
gravelly slopes, exposed and dry at the surface, but with rather 
more moisture beneath than in most areas of mixed grassland; 
these situations are consequently rather locally developed only. 
PRAIRIE BUNCH-GRASSES OCCURRING IN FOOTHILLS 
Andropogon scoparius (a) Muhlenbergia gracilis (/) 
Andropogon furcatus (a) Sporobolus heterolepis (//) 
Hilaria Jamesii (Ji) Atheropogon curtipendulus (/) 
Sorghastrum nutans (/f) Koeleria cristata (f) 
OTHER FOOTHILLS PLANTS OF BUNCH-GRASS TYPE 
Trisetum montanum (/) Agropyron spicatum 
Festuca confinis (/) Sitanion longifolium 
Agropyron occidentale (J) (?)Elymus triticoides 
Hilaria is a southern plant and has not been seen north of about Canyon 
City. Sorghastrum and Hilaria appear not to extend far into the foothills. 
Koeleria ranges into many widely varying habitats and is found with many 
different plant assemblages. This may partly be due to its early ripening (it 
‘flowers in June), which may allow it to escape the dryness of the latter part of 
the season. Most of the plants of the second group bloom in early summer also; 
they are frequently found in clumps of one species, in rock crevices or coarse 
so risetum ranges into the montane zone, but not into the plains; it is 
restricted to moister places than most of the others. Agropyron spicatum is 
one of the chief dominants of the extensive grassland areas in the northwestern 
states, in intermontane valleys and the Columbia Basin plains. It too matures 
early in summer and is dried up the rest of the season. Elymus triticoides is 
included with some hesitation; it may be more like the grasses of the primitive 
bunch-grass type (24, p. 307). 
PSEUDOTSUGA ASSOCIATION 
CLEMENTS (1, p. 14); SCHNEIDER (21, pp. 299, 300), with list of herbaceous 
plants; RAMALEY (14, pp. 251, 262); WaTSON (25, p. 211); YOUNG (28, p- 343): 
The Douglas “spruce,” Pseudotsuga mucronata, is, like the rock 
pine, one of the most abundant and widely distributed conifers of 
