1917] MAcCAUGHEY—HAWAIIAN FLORA 389 
The two southern mountains, Mauna Loa (figs. 6, 7) and 
Kilauea, are active volcanoes. Their summit craters have exhibited 
spectacular activity at intermittent periods throughout historic 
time, and vast lava flows have emanated from their flanks. A 
large flow issued from the southern slopes of Mauna Loa in May 
1916. Loa dominates the island of Hawaii and is the greatest 
volcanic mountain in the world. The elevations of 5 volcanic 
A 
ry 
wi ‘iy “re 
Fic. 2.—Island of pep Mount Haleakala comprises entire eastern lobe of 
island; lava flow country at summit, in caldera, and on southeastern slopes of moun- 
tain; regions are largely shionbe de, with exposed lava fields, fields of cinder and ash, 
cinder cones, and pit craters. 
masses of Hawaii are as follows: Kohala Mountains, 5489 ft.; 
Mauna Kea, 13,825 ft.; Hualalai, 8269 ft.; Mauna Loa, 13,675 ft.; 
Kilauea, 4000 ft. 
HALEAKALA ON Maut.—Haleakala (fig. 8) is the great mountain 
that forms the entire eastern portion of the island of Maui. The 
summit is 10,032 ft. above sea level. It contains a great volcanic 
caldera, one of the largest in the world, 7.5 miles long by 2.5 miles 
wide and over 2000 ft. deep. This mountain, often called East 
Maui, is very much younger than the deeply eroded western mass. 
