i9H] HILL— ANATOMY OF LYCOPODIUM s 63 



L. verticillatum is much more delicate, with a slender stem 



covered with long, slender leaves. The sporophylls are arranged 



in definite strobili, which are regularly dichotomously branched 



and attain a length of 20-40 cm. The sporophylls show a slight 



modification from the foliage leaves, being smaller and more 



sharply pointed. Both leaves and sporophylls show spiral phyl- 

 lotaxy. 



L. Billardieri and L. varium resemble each other in their general 

 appearance. Both bear long, dichotomously branched strobili 

 with cyclic sporophylls arranged in alternating pairs, so that the 

 outline in transverse section is square. In both species the sporo- 

 phylls differ from the foliage leaves, being short and bluntly 

 pointed. The chief gross difference in the two species is that 

 L. varium is slightly coarser and the square shape of the transverse 

 section of the strobili seems to be more definitely fixed than that 

 of L. Billardieri , which produces some strobili circular in transverse 

 section. 



L. Phlegmaria is well known and needs little description. It 

 is one of the most conspicuous examples of dimorphic leaves, the 

 sporophylls being very small and delicate, almost membranous, 

 while the vegetative leaves are broad and short. The strobili are 

 very definite because of the extreme modification of the sporophylls 

 and are circular in transverse section. Both vegetative leaves and 

 sporophylls are sometimes cyclic in arrangement. 



L. carinatutn probably represents the highest specialization of 

 any of the species studied. There is definite dimorphism of the 

 leaves, which show the cyclic arrangement to the extent of giving 

 even the young shoots the quadrangular appearance so character- 

 istic of the strobili of some epiphytic lycopodiums. The strobili 

 are also square in transverse section and dichotomously branched. 

 The anatomical study also justifies the statement that this species 

 represents the highest specialization of the species studied. 



The material from Xew Zealand consisted entirely of mature 

 and strobili, with no vegetative shoots. Roots were present 



stems 



in the material of L. Billardieri. The material of L. verticillatum 

 consisted of several complete mature plants with both vegetative 

 shoots and strobili, while that of L. Holstii was entirely vegetative. 



