1914] ROBERTS— PLANT SUCCESSIONS OF HOLYOKE RANGE 437 



Pteridophy ta : Woodsia Ilvensis, Selaginella rupestris. 



Bryophyta: 



purp 



A few feet below the rock outcrop are found the following : 

 Spermatophyta: Trees. — Juniperus virginiana, Carya alba, 

 C. ovata, Quercus alba, Q. rubra, Q. Prinus. Shrubs. — Quercus 

 prinoides, Amelanchier canadensis, Pyrus arbutifolia, Cornus cir- 

 cinata, Vaccinium stamineum, V. cassinoides. Herbs. — Maianthe- 

 mum canadense, Polygonatum bijlorum, Hypoxis hirsuta. New ferns 

 are Aspidium marginale, Poly podium vulgar e, and Polystichum 



acrostichoides. 

 Where the 



form. Here 



the trees have been established longer and are about three inches 

 in diameter. There is found the same grouping as is found a 

 hundred feet below the top of the trap rock slope, with the addi- 

 tion of Castanea dentata and Acer saccharum as seedlings. The new 



ifolium 



perfoliata 



Hepatica triloba, Anemone quinquej olia , and Aralia nudicaulis. The 



bulbifi 



plenium Trichomanes, and Cystopt 



same time 



advanced much more rapidly. Wherever there is a trap rock out- 

 crop the bryophyte and pteridophyte vegetation is found, and 

 about it the spermatophytes just mentioned, but the trees are 

 larger and the following additional species have come in: Fagus 

 grandifolia as a seedling, with occasional plants of Tilia americana 

 and Fraxinus americana. The shrubs are Hamamelis virginiana, 

 Dirca palustris, Cornus florida, and Viburnum dentatum. 



and Viburnum dentatum. Charac- 

 teristic spermatophytic herbs are Arisaema triphyllitm, Habenaria 

 Hookeri, Habenaria bracteata, Actaea rubra, Pyrola elli plica, Lysi- 

 machia quadri folia, Orobanche uniflora. The ferns are Pteris aquilina, 



punctilobula, and As pi 



acrostichoides. 



The base of the trap slope has now on it every type of repetitive 

 succession except that of cut-over beech forests. Places untouched 

 for the longest time show the dominance of chestnut. Red oak and 



