THE 0PEN1N G OF THE B UD8 OF S OME WOOD Y 



PLANTS. 



A. S. Hitchcock. 



Some notes were taken during the spring of 1892 on the 

 opening buds of our native shrubs and trees. The drawings 

 of the buds and leaves are mostly natural size and were made 

 as the leaves appeared. The nomenclature and arrangement 

 is that of Gray's Manual. 



I have been unable to find any literature bearing directly 

 upon the subject. Vernation is usually given in monographs 

 and systematic notes, as that of Quercus by Engelmann, 

 "About the Oaks of the United States," Trans. St. Louis 

 Acad. Sci. iii., p. 375. The following are some of the refer- 

 ences treating of bud- scales, stipules, and glands on young 

 leaves: Goebel, Beitrage zur Morphologie und Physiologie 

 des Blattes, 1. Die Niederblatter (Bot. Zeit. xxx, p. 753, 

 769, 785, 801, 817, 833; Just, viii. 1, p. 114) ; Schumann, 

 Anatomische Studien iiber die Knospenschuppen von Coni- 

 fereu und Dicotylen Holzgewachsen (Bibl. Botan. Heft. 15, 

 1889 ; Bot. Centr. xlii, 1890, No. 22, p. 275; Just,xvii. 1, p. 

 673); Mikosch, Beitrage zur Anatomie und Morphologie der 

 Knospendecken Dicotylen Holzgewachse (Sietzungsb. d. 

 kais. Akad. Wiss. Wien, B. 74, 1 Abth. 1876; Just iv, p. 

 453 ) ; Areschong, Beitrage zur Biologie der Holzgewachse 

 (Lund, 1877; Just, v, p. 358); Velenovsky, Ueber die 

 Achselsprosse einiger Smilax Arten (Flora, 68, p. 2-4; Just, 

 xiii. 1, p. 612); C. Hilburg's Dissertation : Ueber den Bau 

 und die Funktion der Nebenblatter, mit Zusatzen von F. Hil- 

 debrand (Flora, 1878, No. 11; Just, vi. 1, p. 105); Clos, 

 Stipules considerees au point de vue morphologique (Bull. 

 Soc. Bot. France, 2d Ser. i, No. 1, 1879, p. 151; Just. vii. 

 1, p. 69.) Reinke, Ueber die Funktion der Blattzahne und 

 die Morphologische Werthigkeit eineger Laubblattnectarien 



