DEPOSITS AND ELEVATION. . 23 



it appears as veritable peat of very modern condition, I 

 have received bones and a tooth of an ox, and a very large 

 horn of a red deer. A similar horn was obtained between 

 Abergele and Rhyl while the railway was being made. 



II. Subaerial Deposits. 



xi. On each side of the Head, wherever a section 

 exposes the structure of the grassy slopes that conceal 

 the bases of every inland cliflp, there appears a mass of 

 unstratified, reddish, calcareous clay, with more or less 

 frequent, larger or smaller, angular fragments of the 

 limestone of the overhanging rocks. These fragments 

 are not seldom, especially at the lower part of the layer, 

 so numerous as to form a positive breccia. There occur 

 throughout this bed, and in some places not unfrequently, 

 pieces of such stone, bearing in soft superficial curves the 

 marks of sea-wear. Here and there also, even at con- 

 siderable elevations, on both north and south sides of the 

 Head, it yields well-rounded larger or smaller pebbles of 

 greenstone and other non-calcareous rocks. 



xii. On most of the less elevated or less steep de- 

 clivities, the deposit last indicated generally passes 

 upwards into, and is covered by a very similar layer, 

 which, however, is distinguishable by a darker colour and 

 more earthy consistency. It contains the like angular, 

 and occasionally the sea-worn fragments of limestone, 

 and passes upwards gradually into humus and the sward. 

 In this upper layer it is noticeably the case that the 

 flatter fragments of stone are usually disposed on planes 

 about parallel to the slope of the sward. It is this which 

 Mr. Binney traced as blackish-brown clay with angular 

 fragments, up to 262 feet above the sea. 



The position of these two beds at the foot of sea- worn 

 cliffs, the almost total absence of rolled stones, and the 

 entire Avant of tidal or current assortment of material. 



