﻿168 
  NEW 
  YORK 
  STATE 
  MUSEUM 
  

  

  from 
  the 
  water 
  of 
  the 
  brook, 
  which 
  was 
  on 
  the 
  surface. 
  Again, 
  

   the 
  flow 
  here 
  was 
  through 
  coarse 
  gravel. 
  

  

  Moreover, 
  we 
  may 
  consider 
  the 
  origin 
  of 
  those 
  bodies 
  of 
  fresh 
  

   water 
  which 
  sometimes 
  rise 
  up 
  in 
  the 
  sea, 
  as 
  in 
  the 
  Mediterranean 
  

   near 
  Genoa, 
  the 
  Persian 
  Gulf 
  and 
  in 
  the 
  Gulf 
  of 
  Mexico. 
  It 
  is 
  

   stated 
  that 
  in 
  two 
  of 
  these 
  cases 
  the 
  flow 
  is 
  so 
  great 
  as 
  to 
  permit 
  

   of 
  ships 
  taking 
  water. 
  In 
  the 
  Gulf 
  of 
  Mexico 
  the 
  water 
  surface 
  

   over 
  the 
  outflow 
  is 
  stated 
  to 
  be 
  several 
  feet 
  higher 
  than 
  the 
  sur- 
  

   rounding 
  sea. 
  

  

  In 
  the 
  literature 
  of 
  canal 
  construction 
  there 
  are 
  a 
  number 
  of 
  

   cases 
  cited 
  in 
  which 
  large 
  losses 
  of 
  water 
  have 
  taken 
  place 
  either 
  

   through 
  coarse 
  gravel 
  or 
  seamy 
  rocks. 
  Doubtless 
  there 
  are 
  numer- 
  

   ous 
  other 
  cases, 
  which, 
  however, 
  are 
  uot 
  specially 
  important, 
  for 
  

   it 
  is 
  the 
  writer's 
  intention 
  only 
  to 
  point 
  out, 
  in 
  a 
  general 
  way, 
  

   reasons 
  why 
  such 
  losses 
  may 
  sometimes 
  take 
  place. 
  

  

  The 
  outflow 
  from 
  Skaneateles 
  lake 
  has 
  been 
  cited 
  as 
  showing 
  

   a 
  large 
  loss, 
  presumably 
  by 
  percolation 
  through 
  strata, 
  but 
  on 
  

   reference 
  to 
  the 
  original 
  authority 
  it 
  is 
  clear 
  enough 
  that 
  an 
  

   error 
  has 
  been 
  made 
  in 
  so 
  citing 
  it, 
  because 
  the 
  flow 
  measured 
  

   was 
  really 
  through 
  9 
  miles 
  of 
  natural 
  channel 
  and 
  8 
  miles 
  of 
  

   canal, 
  to 
  Montezuma. 
  It 
  may 
  be 
  mentioned 
  that 
  the 
  problem 
  to 
  

   be 
  determined 
  by 
  this 
  measurement 
  was 
  the 
  discharge 
  into 
  Seneca 
  

   river 
  and 
  it 
  is 
  quite 
  possible 
  that 
  there 
  may 
  have 
  been 
  a 
  deficiency 
  

   from 
  the 
  west. 
  

  

  Skaneateles 
  lake 
  lies 
  at 
  an 
  elevation 
  of 
  867 
  feet 
  above 
  tide- 
  

   water 
  and 
  a 
  distance 
  of 
  about 
  9 
  miles 
  south 
  of 
  the 
  Erie 
  canal, 
  

   for 
  which 
  it 
  has 
  been 
  used 
  as 
  a 
  feeder 
  since 
  1844. 
  In 
  1859 
  Mr 
  

   S. 
  H. 
  Sweet 
  made 
  measurements 
  of 
  the 
  flow 
  to 
  the 
  canal 
  and 
  

   through 
  the 
  same 
  to 
  Montezuma, 
  where 
  the 
  surplus 
  water 
  is 
  dis- 
  

   charged 
  into 
  Seneca 
  river, 
  to 
  which 
  it 
  was 
  found 
  to 
  deliver 
  125 
  

   cubic 
  feet 
  per 
  second. 
  Measurements 
  were 
  also 
  made 
  at 
  the 
  foot 
  

   of 
  the 
  lake, 
  where 
  the 
  flow 
  amounted 
  to 
  188 
  cubic 
  feet 
  per 
  second. 
  

   The 
  loss 
  was 
  63 
  cubic 
  feet 
  per 
  second, 
  or 
  one-third 
  of 
  the 
  whole. 
  

   Skaneateles 
  lake 
  itself 
  lies 
  in 
  the 
  Hamilton 
  formation, 
  and 
  its 
  

   outlet, 
  on 
  its 
  way 
  to 
  the 
  Erie 
  canal, 
  flows 
  across 
  the 
  Onondaga, 
  

   Oriskany, 
  Helderberg 
  and 
  Salina 
  formations. 
  The 
  dip 
  is 
  here 
  

  

  