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  NEW 
  YORK 
  STATE 
  MUSEUM 
  

  

  terranean 
  water 
  is 
  taken 
  in 
  large 
  quantity 
  for 
  the 
  supply 
  of 
  cities 
  

   or 
  for 
  manufacturing 
  purposes 
  the 
  party 
  taking 
  it 
  is 
  liable 
  to 
  

   the 
  adjacent 
  landowners 
  the 
  same 
  as 
  in 
  the 
  case 
  of 
  diverting 
  sur- 
  

   face 
  water. 
  

  

  Long 
  Island 
  is 
  chiefly 
  a 
  sandy 
  plain, 
  about 
  120 
  miles 
  in 
  length, 
  

   with 
  a 
  total 
  area 
  of 
  1682 
  square 
  miles. 
  A 
  considerable 
  portion 
  is 
  

   below 
  an 
  elevation 
  of 
  100 
  feet 
  above 
  tidewater, 
  although 
  in 
  places 
  

   it 
  rises 
  to 
  elevations 
  of 
  300 
  feet 
  and 
  more. 
  The 
  streams 
  are 
  all 
  

   small 
  and 
  only 
  a 
  few 
  miles 
  in 
  length, 
  running 
  down 
  from 
  the 
  high 
  

   land 
  of 
  the 
  middle 
  section 
  to 
  the 
  Atlantic 
  ocean 
  on 
  the 
  south 
  and 
  

   to 
  Long 
  Island 
  sound 
  on 
  the 
  north. 
  As 
  regards 
  water 
  power, 
  the 
  

   water 
  resources 
  of 
  Long 
  Island 
  have 
  little 
  significance, 
  although 
  

   there 
  are 
  many 
  places 
  where 
  small 
  powers 
  are 
  utilized 
  for 
  grist- 
  

   mills 
  and 
  other 
  similar 
  uses. 
  The 
  chief 
  value 
  of 
  the 
  inland 
  water 
  

   of 
  Long 
  Island 
  is 
  for 
  the 
  water 
  supply 
  of 
  the 
  city 
  of 
  Brooklyn. 
  

  

  East 
  river, 
  which 
  connects 
  Long 
  Island 
  sound 
  with 
  New 
  York 
  

   bay, 
  may 
  also 
  be 
  referred 
  to 
  for 
  convenience 
  as 
  a 
  Long 
  Island 
  

   water 
  resource. 
  The 
  great 
  value 
  of 
  the 
  stream 
  to 
  the 
  commerce 
  

   of 
  New 
  York 
  is 
  so 
  obvious 
  as 
  to 
  hardly 
  require 
  mention. 
  

  

  The 
  foregoing 
  description 
  of 
  the 
  river 
  systems 
  of 
  New 
  York 
  has 
  

   been 
  made 
  brief, 
  because 
  very 
  complete 
  descriptions 
  have 
  been 
  

   given 
  in 
  the 
  several 
  monographs 
  relating 
  to 
  New 
  York 
  State 
  

   which 
  appear 
  in 
  the 
  report 
  on 
  the 
  Water 
  Power 
  of 
  the 
  United 
  

   States, 
  Tenth 
  Ceusus, 
  1880. 
  In 
  these 
  reports 
  may 
  be 
  found 
  the 
  

   detail 
  of 
  the 
  several 
  river 
  valleys, 
  with 
  statements 
  as 
  to 
  agricul- 
  

   tural 
  production, 
  population, 
  geology, 
  climatology, 
  and 
  many 
  

   other 
  subjects 
  either 
  not 
  at 
  all 
  touched 
  on, 
  or 
  only 
  briefly, 
  here. 
  

  

  RUNOFF 
  OF 
  NIAGARA 
  AND 
  ST 
  LAWRENCE 
  RIVERS 
  

  

  In 
  view 
  of 
  the 
  size 
  of 
  the 
  streams 
  and 
  their 
  importance 
  the 
  

   runoffs 
  of 
  Niagara 
  and 
  St 
  Lawrence 
  rivers 
  are 
  discussed 
  sepa- 
  

   rately 
  from 
  the 
  balance 
  of 
  the 
  streams 
  of 
  New 
  York. 
  

  

  Niagara 
  river. 
  The 
  great 
  developments 
  of 
  the 
  Niagara 
  Falls 
  

   Power 
  Company 
  authorized 
  by 
  the 
  laws 
  of 
  1886 
  have 
  been 
  in 
  part 
  

   completed, 
  while 
  at 
  the 
  same 
  time 
  the 
  original 
  Niagara 
  Falls 
  power 
  

   development, 
  now 
  owned 
  by 
  the 
  Niagara 
  Falls 
  Hydraulic 
  Power 
  & 
  

  

  