﻿HYDROLOGY 
  OF 
  NEW 
  YORK 
  317 
  

  

  Falls, 
  although 
  in 
  years 
  of 
  extreme 
  low 
  flow 
  it 
  is 
  probable 
  that 
  it 
  

   would 
  be 
  apparent. 
  If, 
  however, 
  the 
  miniinmni 
  flow 
  of 
  Niagara 
  

   river 
  is 
  really 
  as 
  low 
  as 
  150,000 
  to 
  180,000 
  cubic 
  feet 
  per 
  second, 
  

   it 
  is 
  clear 
  that 
  the 
  loss 
  of 
  10,000 
  cubic 
  feet 
  per 
  second 
  will 
  be 
  a 
  

   matter 
  worth 
  taking 
  into 
  account. 
  

  

  In 
  a 
  paper 
  on 
  The 
  Reservoir 
  System 
  of 
  the 
  Great 
  Lakes 
  of 
  

   the 
  St 
  Lawrence 
  Basin, 
  1 
  Col. 
  Hiram 
  M. 
  Chittenden 
  discusses 
  

   many 
  of 
  the 
  questions 
  in 
  regard 
  to 
  the 
  runoff 
  of 
  the 
  Great 
  Lakes. 
  

   This 
  paper 
  is 
  accompanied 
  by 
  a 
  Mathematical 
  Analysis 
  of 
  the 
  

   Influence 
  of 
  Reservoirs 
  Upon 
  Stream 
  Flow, 
  by 
  J 
  as. 
  A. 
  Seddon, 
  

   which 
  elucidates 
  many 
  of 
  the 
  more 
  pertinent 
  facts 
  affecting 
  such 
  

   flow. 
  

  

  In 
  the 
  discussion 
  of 
  the 
  effect 
  of 
  diverting 
  10,000 
  cubic 
  feet 
  

   per 
  second 
  at 
  Chicago 
  on 
  the 
  levels 
  of 
  the 
  Great 
  Lakes, 
  by 
  Lyman 
  

   E. 
  Cooley. 
  which 
  appears 
  in 
  the 
  Proceedings 
  of 
  the 
  Annual 
  Conven- 
  

   tion 
  of 
  the 
  International 
  Deep 
  Waterways 
  Association, 
  held 
  at 
  

   Cleveland 
  in 
  September, 
  1895, 
  it 
  is 
  stated 
  that 
  assuming 
  the 
  cor- 
  

   rectness 
  of 
  the 
  figures 
  derived 
  from 
  the 
  Lake 
  Survey 
  placing 
  the 
  

   mean 
  discharge 
  of 
  St 
  Clair 
  river 
  at 
  325,000 
  cubic 
  feet 
  per 
  second, 
  

   the. 
  abstraction 
  of 
  10,000 
  cubic 
  feet 
  per 
  second 
  would 
  diminish 
  

   the 
  mean 
  outflow 
  in 
  St 
  Clair 
  river 
  by 
  nearly 
  4.5 
  per 
  cent 
  and 
  in 
  

   Niagara 
  river 
  by 
  about 
  3.75 
  per 
  cent. 
  Mr. 
  Cooley 
  says 
  that, 
  

   reasoning 
  on 
  lines 
  obvious 
  to 
  those 
  unacquainted 
  with 
  hydraulic 
  

   principles, 
  it 
  is 
  apparent 
  that 
  the 
  ruling 
  depth 
  in 
  the 
  rivers 
  at 
  

   mean 
  level 
  can 
  not 
  be 
  lessened 
  by 
  an 
  amount 
  greater 
  than 
  the 
  

   percentages 
  just 
  stated; 
  but 
  if 
  we 
  consider 
  the 
  question 
  as 
  an 
  

   hydraulic 
  proposition, 
  taking 
  into 
  account 
  the 
  relation 
  of 
  mean 
  

   radius 
  to 
  area 
  and 
  perimeter, 
  it 
  is 
  apparent 
  that 
  the 
  effect 
  on 
  

   lake 
  levels 
  would 
  be 
  only 
  a 
  fraction 
  of 
  that 
  indicated 
  by 
  the 
  

   reduction 
  in 
  volume. 
  

  

  From 
  September, 
  1897, 
  to 
  September, 
  1898, 
  the 
  Board 
  of 
  Engi- 
  

   neers 
  on 
  I)ee]> 
  Waterway® 
  made 
  an 
  extended 
  series 
  of 
  current 
  

   meter 
  measurements 
  of 
  the 
  outflow 
  of 
  Niagara 
  river. 
  These 
  

   measurements 
  were 
  made 
  at 
  the 
  International 
  railway 
  bridge 
  at 
  

   Buffalo, 
  and 
  are 
  the 
  best 
  thus 
  far 
  made. 
  The 
  minimum 
  flow 
  

   occurred- 
  in 
  November. 
  1895. 
  when 
  the 
  mean 
  for 
  the 
  month 
  was 
  

   177,852 
  cubic 
  feet 
  per 
  second, 
  and 
  the 
  mean 
  for 
  the 
  whole 
  year 
  

  

  iTrans. 
  Am. 
  Soc. 
  C. 
  E., 
  Vol. 
  XL 
  (Dec. 
  1898), 
  pp. 
  355-448, 
  inclusive. 
  

  

  