﻿468 
  

  

  NEW 
  YORK 
  STATE 
  MUSEUM 
  

  

  Massachusetts 
  and 
  300 
  square 
  miles 
  in 
  Vermont, 
  or 
  over 
  13,000 
  

   square 
  miles 
  in 
  all. 
  It 
  drains 
  about 
  one-fourth 
  of 
  the 
  land 
  area 
  

   of 
  the 
  State. 
  Above 
  Troy 
  it 
  is 
  a 
  normal 
  stream 
  of 
  varying 
  inclina- 
  

   tion, 
  gradually 
  increasing 
  as 
  we 
  go 
  toward 
  the 
  source. 
  The 
  

   crest 
  of 
  Saratoga 
  dam, 
  180 
  miles 
  from 
  the 
  mouth 
  of 
  the 
  river, 
  is 
  

   at 
  an 
  elevation 
  of 
  102 
  feet, 
  giving 
  a 
  grade 
  for 
  30 
  miles 
  of 
  3.2 
  feet 
  

   per 
  mile. 
  At 
  the 
  Fort 
  Edward 
  railway 
  bridge, 
  190 
  miles 
  from 
  the 
  

   mouth, 
  the 
  hight 
  above 
  the 
  sea 
  is 
  118 
  feet, 
  giving 
  a 
  grade 
  for 
  10 
  

   miles 
  of 
  1.6 
  feet 
  per 
  mile. 
  At 
  the 
  crest 
  of 
  the 
  Glens 
  Falls 
  feeder 
  

   dam, 
  a 
  distance 
  of 
  197 
  miles 
  from 
  the 
  mouth, 
  the 
  hight 
  of 
  the 
  river 
  

   above 
  the 
  level 
  of 
  the 
  sea 
  is 
  284 
  feet, 
  giving 
  a 
  grade 
  for 
  7 
  miles 
  

   of 
  23.7 
  feet 
  per 
  mile. 
  At 
  the 
  mouth 
  of 
  Sacandaga 
  river, 
  216 
  miles 
  

   from 
  the 
  mouth, 
  the 
  hight 
  above 
  sea 
  level 
  is 
  536 
  feet, 
  giving 
  a 
  

   grade 
  for 
  19 
  miles 
  of 
  13.3 
  feet 
  per 
  mile; 
  and 
  so 
  on, 
  until 
  finally, 
  

   at 
  the 
  extreme 
  head, 
  in 
  Lake 
  Tear 
  of 
  the 
  Clouds, 
  300 
  miles 
  from 
  

   the 
  mouth 
  of 
  the 
  river, 
  the 
  hight 
  above 
  sea 
  level 
  is 
  4322 
  feet, 
  and 
  

   the 
  average 
  grade 
  for 
  the 
  preceding 
  34 
  miles 
  is 
  84.4 
  feet 
  per 
  mile. 
  

   This 
  condition 
  of 
  steep 
  grades 
  in 
  the 
  upper 
  reaches, 
  with 
  flat 
  

   grades 
  in 
  the 
  lower 
  reaches, 
  while 
  true 
  of 
  all 
  streams, 
  is 
  markedly 
  

   true 
  in 
  the 
  case 
  of 
  New 
  York 
  State 
  streams. 
  

  

  The 
  main 
  tributaries 
  of 
  the 
  tidal 
  portion 
  of 
  the 
  Hudson 
  are 
  the 
  

   Croton, 
  with 
  a 
  catchment 
  of 
  365 
  square 
  miles 
  ; 
  Fishkill, 
  draining 
  

   204 
  square 
  miles 
  ; 
  Kondout 
  creek, 
  including 
  the 
  Wallkill, 
  draining 
  

   1148 
  square 
  miles 
  ; 
  Esopus 
  creek, 
  draining 
  417 
  square 
  miles 
  ; 
  the 
  

   Catskill, 
  draining 
  394 
  square 
  miles, 
  and 
  the 
  Kinderhook, 
  draining 
  

   304 
  square 
  miles. 
  The 
  Croton 
  is 
  regulated 
  by 
  storage 
  reservoirs 
  

   for 
  the 
  water 
  supply 
  of 
  New 
  York 
  city, 
  and 
  most 
  of 
  the 
  other 
  

   tributaries 
  mentioned 
  have 
  been 
  studied 
  with 
  reference 
  to 
  their 
  

   availability 
  for 
  municipal 
  water 
  supplies. 
  

  

  Broadly, 
  such 
  studies 
  indicate 
  that 
  while 
  these 
  streams 
  are 
  con- 
  

   trollable 
  by 
  storage 
  reservoirs, 
  their 
  topography 
  is 
  such 
  as 
  to 
  

   make 
  development 
  very 
  costly. 
  Generally 
  they 
  would 
  be 
  too 
  ex- 
  

   pensive 
  for 
  flood 
  prevention 
  merely. 
  Above 
  the 
  tidal 
  portion, 
  which 
  

   terminates 
  at 
  the 
  Troy 
  dam, 
  the 
  conditions 
  are 
  different. 
  The 
  

   Mohawk 
  river, 
  with 
  a 
  catchment 
  area 
  of 
  3500 
  square 
  miles, 
  joins 
  

   the 
  Hudson 
  at 
  Cohoes. 
  Higher 
  up 
  the 
  Hoosic, 
  the 
  Battenkill 
  and 
  

   Fish 
  creek 
  enter. 
  At 
  Hadley 
  the 
  Sacandaga, 
  with 
  a 
  catchment 
  

   area 
  of 
  1057 
  square 
  miles, 
  enters, 
  and 
  at 
  Thurman 
  the 
  Schroon 
  

   river, 
  with 
  a 
  catchment 
  of 
  570 
  square 
  miles. 
  Farther 
  north 
  the 
  

   Indian 
  and 
  Cedar 
  rivers 
  join. 
  

  

  