﻿HYDROLOGY 
  OF 
  NEW 
  YORK 
  519 
  

  

  Lake 
  Ontario 
  247 
  feet 
  ; 
  and 
  the 
  St 
  Lawrence 
  river, 
  from 
  247 
  to 
  

   about 
  100 
  feet 
  above 
  tide 
  water. 
  The 
  cities 
  and 
  towns 
  are 
  mostly 
  

   situated 
  in 
  these 
  several 
  valleys 
  along 
  the 
  streams. 
  

  

  The 
  quantity 
  of 
  pure 
  upland 
  water 
  that 
  can 
  be 
  furnished 
  from 
  

   the 
  six 
  water 
  centers 
  is 
  .sufficient 
  for 
  45,000,000 
  to 
  50,000,000 
  

   people, 
  as 
  may 
  be 
  shown 
  by 
  considering 
  that 
  the 
  available 
  areas 
  

   are 
  more 
  than 
  9000 
  square 
  miles 
  in 
  extent. 
  If 
  we 
  assume 
  an 
  

   average 
  collection 
  of 
  only 
  400,000 
  gallons 
  per 
  day 
  from 
  9000 
  

   square 
  miles 
  and 
  an 
  average 
  daily 
  use 
  throughout 
  the 
  State 
  of 
  100 
  

   gallons 
  per 
  capita, 
  we 
  have 
  water 
  enough 
  for 
  36,000,000 
  people, 
  

   and 
  which 
  could 
  easily 
  be 
  increased 
  by 
  additional 
  storage 
  to 
  a 
  

   supply 
  sufficient 
  for 
  45,000,000 
  to 
  50,000,000 
  people. 
  

  

  On 
  the 
  accompanying 
  map, 
  the 
  reserved 
  elevated 
  areas 
  are 
  con- 
  

   siderably 
  in 
  excess 
  of 
  9000 
  square 
  miles, 
  but 
  this 
  is 
  merely 
  to 
  

   insure 
  that 
  no 
  town 
  or 
  group 
  of 
  towns 
  be 
  required 
  to 
  go 
  further 
  

   than 
  necessary 
  for 
  an 
  upland 
  water 
  supply. 
  These 
  areas 
  can 
  

   be 
  reduced 
  when 
  definite 
  information 
  is 
  at 
  hand 
  as 
  to 
  just 
  where 
  

   the 
  supply 
  for 
  each 
  town 
  or 
  group 
  of 
  towns 
  can 
  be 
  obtained. 
  

  

  In 
  order 
  to 
  emphasize 
  the 
  proposition 
  that 
  the 
  main 
  river 
  val- 
  

   leys 
  of 
  the 
  State 
  should 
  be 
  kept 
  clear 
  for 
  manufacturing, 
  they 
  

   are 
  generally 
  excepted 
  from 
  the 
  pure 
  water 
  reservations, 
  shown 
  

   on 
  the 
  accompanying 
  map. 
  This 
  map 
  is 
  subject 
  to 
  modification 
  

   in 
  this 
  particular 
  on 
  detailed 
  study. 
  

  

  The 
  Adirondack 
  center 
  is 
  a 
  rugged 
  region, 
  consisting 
  of 
  primeval 
  

   crystalline 
  rocks, 
  covered 
  locally 
  with 
  sand 
  areas. 
  Here 
  appeared 
  

   some 
  of 
  the 
  first 
  dry 
  land 
  on 
  the 
  western 
  continent, 
  and 
  thus 
  

   was 
  laid, 
  in 
  early 
  geologic 
  time, 
  the 
  basis 
  of 
  those 
  fine 
  river 
  sys- 
  

   tems 
  which, 
  issuing 
  from 
  this 
  water 
  center, 
  have 
  created 
  water 
  

   resources 
  of 
  vast 
  value 
  to 
  the 
  citizens 
  of 
  New 
  York. 
  From 
  this 
  

   center 
  water 
  may 
  be 
  supplied 
  to 
  Plattsburg, 
  Malone, 
  Canton, 
  Pots- 
  

   dam, 
  Ogdensburg, 
  Utica, 
  Herkimer, 
  Johnstown, 
  Saratoga 
  Springs, 
  

   Schenectady, 
  Lake 
  George, 
  Albany, 
  Troy 
  and 
  many 
  other 
  large 
  

   towns 
  of 
  the 
  region, 
  all 
  within 
  practical 
  distance 
  of 
  the 
  purest 
  

   water, 
  flowing 
  from 
  granitic 
  catchments. 
  This 
  region 
  is 
  also 
  

   extensive 
  enough 
  to 
  furnish 
  abundant 
  supplies 
  to 
  the 
  cities 
  of 
  the 
  

   Hudson 
  valley, 
  including 
  the 
  City 
  of 
  New 
  York. 
  

  

  The 
  geologic 
  history 
  of 
  Catskill 
  and 
  Allegheny 
  water 
  centers 
  is 
  

   quite 
  different 
  from 
  that 
  of 
  the 
  Adirondack 
  center. 
  In 
  both 
  these 
  

   regions 
  the 
  sedimentary 
  sandstone 
  rocks 
  of 
  the 
  Chemung 
  and 
  Cats- 
  

  

  