﻿HYDROLOGY 
  OF 
  NEW 
  YORK 
  717 
  

  

  of 
  this 
  region, 
  there 
  are 
  no 
  natural 
  water 
  supplies 
  to 
  be 
  found, 
  

   except 
  in 
  the 
  elevated 
  regions 
  of 
  the 
  Allegheny 
  water 
  center, 
  where 
  

   adequate 
  supplies 
  may 
  be 
  made 
  by 
  storage. 
  Many 
  of 
  the 
  lakes 
  are 
  

   not 
  available, 
  because 
  they 
  receive 
  so 
  much 
  sewage 
  as 
  to 
  render 
  

   the 
  water 
  unsafe 
  without 
  filtration. 
  This 
  remark 
  applies 
  to 
  Lakes 
  

   Erie 
  and 
  Ontario 
  and 
  to 
  the 
  Niagara 
  river. 
  

  

  The 
  preceding 
  remark 
  also 
  applies 
  in 
  some 
  degree 
  to 
  the 
  region 
  

   east 
  of 
  Seneca 
  lake 
  and 
  south 
  of 
  the 
  Mohawk 
  river. 
  

  

  As 
  to 
  why 
  this 
  is 
  so, 
  it 
  may 
  be 
  remarked 
  in 
  a 
  few 
  words 
  that 
  

   the 
  geology 
  of 
  the 
  region 
  is 
  not 
  favorable 
  either 
  to 
  subterranean 
  

   water-supplies, 
  or 
  to 
  large 
  streams 
  flowing 
  on 
  the 
  surface. 
  The 
  

   formations 
  in 
  an 
  ascending 
  order 
  from 
  Lake 
  Ontario 
  to 
  the 
  south 
  

   line 
  of 
  the 
  State 
  are 
  Medina 
  sandstone, 
  Clinton 
  sandstone 
  and 
  

   limestone, 
  Niagara 
  shales 
  and 
  limestone, 
  Salina 
  shales 
  and 
  lime- 
  

   stone, 
  the 
  lower 
  and 
  upper 
  Helderberg 
  limestones, 
  Hamilton 
  

   shales 
  and 
  sandstone, 
  and 
  Portage 
  shales 
  and 
  sandstone. 
  There 
  

   is 
  also 
  a 
  small 
  area 
  of 
  cretaceous 
  clays 
  and 
  sands 
  in 
  Cattaraugus 
  

   and 
  Allegany 
  counties, 
  near 
  the 
  south 
  line 
  of 
  the 
  State. 
  None 
  of 
  

   these 
  formations 
  is 
  favorable 
  for 
  well 
  supplies 
  — 
  the 
  preferable 
  

   future 
  water 
  supplies 
  of 
  the 
  entire 
  region 
  must 
  be 
  surface 
  water, 
  

   and 
  made 
  by 
  storage. 
  

  

  INLAND 
  WATERWAYS 
  

  

  Trade 
  and 
  commerce 
  of 
  Hudson 
  river. 
  The 
  importance 
  of 
  the 
  

   Hudson 
  river 
  as 
  a 
  great 
  waterway 
  of 
  commerce 
  is 
  shown 
  by 
  Charles 
  

   G. 
  Weir 
  in 
  a 
  report 
  made 
  in 
  1890. 
  Aside 
  from 
  its 
  own 
  local 
  trade 
  

   the 
  river 
  absorbs 
  all 
  the 
  traffic 
  of 
  the 
  Erie, 
  Chaniplain 
  and 
  Dela- 
  

   ware 
  & 
  Hudson 
  canals, 
  1 
  besides 
  the 
  great 
  coal 
  trade 
  of 
  the 
  Penn- 
  

   sylvania 
  Coal 
  Company 
  at 
  Newburg 
  and 
  the 
  Erie 
  coal 
  trade 
  at 
  

   Piermont. 
  The 
  average 
  season 
  of 
  navigation 
  of 
  the 
  river 
  is 
  two 
  

   hundred 
  and 
  forty 
  days. 
  The 
  two 
  principal 
  industries 
  on 
  the 
  Hud- 
  

   son 
  river, 
  which 
  add 
  materially 
  to 
  the 
  total 
  tonnage, 
  are 
  ice 
  and 
  

   brick. 
  The 
  capacity 
  of 
  the 
  ice 
  houses 
  on 
  and 
  near 
  the 
  river 
  

   exceeds 
  4,000,000 
  tons, 
  and 
  the 
  amount 
  annually 
  harvested 
  is 
  

   about 
  3,500,000 
  tons. 
  The 
  bricks 
  manufactured 
  on 
  the 
  river 
  

   exceed 
  850,000,000. 
  

  

  lr 
  riie 
  Delaware 
  and 
  Hudson 
  canal 
  has 
  been 
  abandoned 
  since 
  the 
  above 
  

   sentence 
  was 
  written. 
  

  

  