﻿746 
  NEW 
  YORK 
  STATE 
  MUSEUM 
  

  

  west 
  of 
  the 
  Mississippi, 
  was 
  also 
  subject 
  to 
  this 
  agreement, 
  and 
  

   it 
  has 
  since 
  been 
  extended 
  to 
  other 
  trunk 
  lines 
  and 
  to 
  seaports 
  

   like 
  Newport 
  News 
  and 
  Norfolk, 
  which 
  have 
  since 
  become 
  im- 
  

   portant. 
  It 
  has 
  continued, 
  with 
  some 
  modifications, 
  substan- 
  

   tially 
  unchanged, 
  until 
  today. 
  It 
  governs 
  the 
  rate 
  on 
  all 
  classes 
  

   of 
  freight 
  and 
  commodities, 
  and 
  regulates 
  the 
  movement 
  of 
  all 
  

   grain 
  and 
  grain 
  products 
  in 
  the 
  United 
  States, 
  except 
  those 
  

   moving 
  to 
  the 
  Gulf 
  ports 
  or 
  the 
  Pacific 
  coast. 
  1 
  

  

  In 
  order 
  to 
  partially 
  control 
  the 
  situation, 
  the 
  New 
  York 
  

   Commerce 
  Commission 
  considered 
  that 
  the 
  canal 
  question 
  was 
  

   really 
  the 
  central 
  point 
  around 
  which 
  hinged 
  all 
  other 
  questions 
  

   concerned 
  with 
  benefiting 
  the 
  commercial 
  development 
  of 
  New 
  

   York. 
  Their 
  report 
  is 
  very 
  extensive, 
  including 
  2200 
  octavo 
  

   pages. 
  It 
  is 
  accompanied 
  by 
  evidence 
  taken 
  by 
  the 
  commission 
  

   at 
  its 
  several 
  hearings. 
  The 
  following 
  summary 
  of 
  the 
  con- 
  

   clusions 
  of 
  this 
  commission 
  is 
  taken 
  from 
  the 
  report 
  : 
  

  

  1) 
  The 
  decline 
  in 
  New 
  York's 
  commerce 
  has 
  been 
  steady 
  and 
  

   continuous 
  for 
  many 
  years; 
  it 
  has 
  been 
  more 
  pronounced 
  during 
  

   recent 
  years, 
  and 
  has 
  now 
  reached 
  serious 
  proportions 
  in 
  an 
  actual 
  

   loss 
  of 
  exports. 
  This 
  loss 
  has 
  been 
  largely 
  in 
  exports 
  of 
  grain 
  and 
  

   flour. 
  While 
  New 
  York 
  has 
  been 
  steadily 
  losing, 
  Montreal, 
  Boston, 
  

   Baltimore, 
  Newport 
  News 
  and 
  the 
  Gulf 
  ports 
  of 
  New 
  Orleans 
  and 
  

   Galveston 
  have 
  made 
  substantial 
  gains. 
  

  

  2) 
  The 
  loss 
  to 
  New 
  York 
  is 
  due 
  in 
  great 
  measure 
  to 
  a 
  discrimi- 
  

   nation 
  against 
  New 
  York 
  in 
  railroad 
  rates 
  imposed 
  by 
  an 
  agree- 
  

   ment, 
  known 
  as 
  the 
  differential 
  agreement, 
  between 
  the 
  trunk 
  line 
  

   railroads 
  of 
  the 
  American 
  Atlantic 
  seaports, 
  including 
  the 
  New 
  

   York 
  railroads. 
  

  

  3) 
  While 
  this 
  differential 
  agreement, 
  by 
  its 
  terms, 
  gives 
  pref- 
  

   erence 
  in 
  railroad 
  rates 
  only 
  to 
  Philadelphia, 
  Baltimore, 
  Norfolk 
  

   and 
  Newport 
  News, 
  the 
  port 
  of 
  Montreal 
  and 
  the 
  Gulf 
  ports 
  are 
  

   benefited 
  to 
  the 
  injury 
  of 
  New 
  York 
  to 
  as 
  full 
  an 
  extent 
  as 
  if 
  they 
  

   were 
  parties 
  to 
  the 
  agreement, 
  in 
  view 
  of 
  the 
  fact 
  that 
  in 
  the 
  

   competition 
  with 
  the 
  Gulf 
  ports 
  and 
  with 
  Montreal 
  the 
  differen- 
  

   tial 
  agreement 
  alone 
  prevents 
  the 
  New 
  York 
  roads 
  from 
  giving 
  

   New 
  York 
  as 
  low 
  a 
  rate 
  as 
  is 
  recorded 
  by 
  the 
  agreement 
  to 
  Balti- 
  

   more 
  and 
  to 
  Newport 
  News 
  ; 
  and 
  the 
  same 
  differential 
  agreement, 
  

   while 
  providing 
  the 
  same 
  rate 
  for 
  Boston 
  as 
  for 
  New 
  York, 
  per- 
  

   mits 
  the 
  Boston 
  road 
  to 
  allow 
  free 
  insurance 
  and 
  free 
  storage 
  to 
  

   an 
  extent 
  that 
  amounts 
  to 
  as 
  substantial 
  a 
  discrimination 
  against 
  

  

  VFrom 
  paper, 
  Railway 
  Discrimination 
  Against 
  New 
  York 
  and 
  the 
  Rem 
  edy, 
  

   by 
  Abel 
  E. 
  Blackmar. 
  Trans. 
  Am. 
  Soc. 
  C. 
  E., 
  Vol. 
  XLVI, 
  p. 
  182-250. 
  

  

  

  