﻿HYDROLOGY 
  OP 
  NEW 
  YORK 
  747 
  

  

  New 
  York 
  as 
  is 
  imposed 
  by 
  the 
  discrimination 
  in 
  the 
  rail 
  rate 
  in 
  

   favor 
  of 
  Philadelphia, 
  Baltimore 
  and 
  Newport 
  News. 
  

  

  4) 
  As 
  a 
  result 
  of 
  this 
  situation, 
  in 
  which 
  New 
  York 
  is 
  pre- 
  

   vented 
  from 
  receiving 
  the 
  benefit 
  of 
  her 
  natural 
  advantages 
  in 
  

   competition 
  with 
  these 
  other 
  ports, 
  each 
  of 
  the 
  ports 
  named 
  has 
  

   made 
  gains 
  while 
  New 
  York 
  has 
  continued 
  to 
  lose. 
  

  

  5) 
  While 
  there 
  are 
  port 
  charges 
  in 
  New 
  York 
  that 
  can 
  and 
  

   should 
  be 
  reduced, 
  it 
  will 
  be 
  impracticable 
  to 
  assure 
  to 
  New 
  York 
  

   any 
  benefit 
  from 
  such 
  reductions 
  so 
  long 
  as 
  the 
  railroads 
  are 
  per- 
  

   mitted 
  to 
  offset 
  the 
  saving 
  in 
  expense 
  thus 
  secured 
  by 
  correspond- 
  

   ingly 
  increasing 
  the 
  differential 
  against 
  New 
  Y 
  r 
  ork. 
  That 
  such 
  is 
  

   the 
  principle 
  of 
  the 
  differential 
  agreement 
  and 
  the 
  policy 
  of 
  the 
  

   New 
  York 
  roads, 
  as 
  well 
  as 
  the 
  roads 
  to 
  the 
  southern 
  Atlantic 
  

   ports, 
  was 
  conceded 
  by 
  the 
  officials 
  of 
  the 
  New 
  York 
  roads 
  when 
  

   they 
  appeared 
  before 
  the 
  commission. 
  

  

  G) 
  The 
  theory 
  of 
  such 
  discrimination 
  is 
  that, 
  under 
  natural 
  

   competitive 
  conditions, 
  New 
  York 
  would 
  maintain 
  its 
  preeminent 
  

   position 
  in 
  the 
  export 
  as 
  well 
  as 
  in 
  the 
  import 
  trade 
  of 
  the 
  coun- 
  

   try 
  — 
  New 
  York 
  under 
  such 
  natural 
  conditions 
  being 
  the 
  cheapest 
  

   route 
  to 
  the 
  foreign 
  markets 
  for 
  the 
  products 
  of 
  the 
  west. 
  To 
  

   the 
  extent 
  that 
  this 
  differential 
  agreement 
  requires 
  the 
  New 
  York 
  

   roads 
  to 
  charge 
  a 
  higher 
  rate 
  than 
  otherwise 
  would 
  be 
  imposed 
  

   upon 
  the 
  export 
  products 
  of 
  the 
  west 
  it 
  is, 
  in 
  effect, 
  an 
  export 
  

   tax 
  upon 
  such 
  products. 
  

  

  7) 
  To 
  abolish 
  the 
  differential, 
  therefore, 
  would 
  not 
  only 
  result 
  

   in 
  New 
  York 
  regaining 
  the 
  commerce 
  now 
  diverted 
  to 
  other 
  ports, 
  

   but 
  it 
  Avould 
  also 
  benefit 
  the 
  producers 
  and 
  exporters 
  of 
  the 
  west 
  

   when 
  competing 
  in 
  the 
  foreign 
  markets. 
  This 
  is 
  explanatory 
  of 
  

   the 
  fact 
  that 
  the 
  western 
  exporters 
  express 
  themselves 
  as 
  equally 
  

   concerned 
  with 
  New 
  York 
  regarding 
  this 
  railroad 
  discrimination 
  

   against 
  New 
  York. 
  

  

  8) 
  The 
  principle 
  of 
  the 
  differential 
  agreement 
  is 
  inequitable 
  

   and 
  unjust 
  in 
  theory 
  and 
  in 
  practice. 
  New 
  York 
  has 
  suffered 
  

   much 
  therefrom, 
  and 
  should 
  use 
  every 
  means 
  within 
  her 
  power 
  

   not 
  only 
  to 
  have 
  it 
  abolished, 
  but 
  also 
  to 
  render 
  it 
  impracticable 
  

   of 
  restoration. 
  The 
  differential 
  rate 
  applies 
  not 
  only 
  on 
  products 
  

   destined 
  for 
  export, 
  but 
  also 
  destined 
  for 
  local 
  consumption 
  by 
  

   the 
  people 
  of 
  New 
  York 
  city. 
  

  

  9) 
  The 
  fact 
  that 
  the 
  New 
  York 
  Central 
  & 
  Hudson 
  River 
  

   Railway 
  Company 
  has 
  received 
  exceptional 
  benefits 
  from 
  the 
  State 
  

   of 
  New 
  York 
  makes 
  that 
  corporation 
  exceptionally 
  culpable 
  for 
  

   participating 
  in 
  the 
  discrimination 
  to 
  the 
  serious 
  injurv 
  of 
  New 
  

   York. 
  

  

  10) 
  This 
  railroad 
  discrimination 
  against 
  New 
  York 
  would 
  be 
  

   impossible 
  without 
  the 
  participation 
  of 
  the 
  New 
  York 
  Central 
  and 
  

  

  