﻿HYDROLOGY 
  OF 
  NEW 
  YORK 
  771 
  

  

  designed 
  for 
  exportation, 
  may 
  be 
  transported 
  at 
  minimum 
  cost, 
  

   and 
  that 
  return 
  freight 
  of 
  the 
  greatest 
  possible 
  magnitude 
  may 
  

   be 
  secured 
  and 
  the 
  canal 
  benefit 
  alike 
  the 
  people 
  of 
  the 
  west 
  and 
  

   of 
  the 
  east. 
  

  

  5) 
  Any 
  ship 
  canal 
  built 
  should 
  not 
  only 
  subserve 
  the 
  interests 
  

   of 
  foreign-bound 
  commerce, 
  but 
  as 
  well 
  the 
  domestic 
  commerce 
  

   between 
  the 
  centers 
  of 
  population 
  in 
  the 
  east 
  and 
  the 
  producing 
  

   regions 
  of 
  the 
  west. 
  

  

  6) 
  The 
  domestic 
  commerce 
  is 
  of 
  more 
  importance 
  to 
  consider 
  

   than 
  the 
  commerce 
  destined 
  to 
  or 
  from 
  foreign 
  countries. 
  

  

  7) 
  A 
  ship 
  canal 
  by 
  the 
  iSt 
  Lawrence 
  route 
  to 
  Montreal, 
  or 
  by 
  

   the 
  St 
  Lawrence-Champlain 
  route 
  to 
  New 
  York, 
  does 
  not 
  fulfill 
  

   these 
  conditions, 
  and 
  should 
  not 
  be 
  considered 
  by 
  the 
  United 
  

   States. 
  

  

  8) 
  The 
  route 
  considered 
  best 
  for 
  a 
  ship 
  canal 
  is 
  by 
  the 
  Niagara 
  

   river, 
  Lake 
  Ontario, 
  Oswego, 
  Oneida 
  lake 
  and 
  the 
  Mohawk 
  and 
  

   Hudson 
  rivers. 
  

  

  9) 
  For 
  the 
  highest 
  economy 
  in 
  transportation 
  special 
  types 
  

   of 
  vessels 
  are 
  needed 
  for 
  use 
  on 
  the 
  ocean, 
  on 
  the 
  lakes 
  and 
  on 
  

   the 
  canals, 
  and 
  neither 
  can 
  replace 
  the 
  other 
  in 
  its 
  proper 
  waters 
  

   without 
  suffering 
  loss 
  of 
  efficiency. 
  Ocean 
  vessels 
  could 
  not, 
  as 
  a 
  

   general 
  rule, 
  engage 
  in 
  the 
  business 
  of 
  passing 
  through 
  a 
  ship 
  

   canal 
  and 
  the 
  lakes 
  to 
  upper 
  lake 
  ports, 
  and 
  lake 
  vessels 
  are 
  not 
  

   fitted 
  for 
  use 
  upon 
  the 
  ocean, 
  and 
  if 
  they 
  made 
  use 
  of 
  a 
  canal 
  

   they 
  would 
  have 
  to 
  transfer 
  their 
  cargoes 
  at 
  the 
  seaboard. 
  For 
  

   economical 
  transportation 
  through 
  a 
  canal 
  from 
  the 
  Great 
  Lakes 
  

   to 
  the 
  sea, 
  special 
  vessels, 
  differing 
  from 
  and 
  far 
  less 
  costly 
  than 
  

   ocean 
  or 
  lake 
  vessels, 
  are 
  required. 
  

  

  10) 
  Important 
  and 
  serviceable 
  canals 
  already 
  exist 
  between 
  

   the 
  Great 
  Lakes 
  and 
  the 
  Hudson, 
  the 
  Erie 
  canal 
  connecting 
  Lake 
  

   Erie 
  with 
  the 
  Hudson, 
  and 
  the 
  Oswego-Erie 
  canal 
  connecting 
  

   Lake 
  Ontario 
  with 
  the 
  Hudson. 
  By 
  these 
  canals 
  low 
  rates 
  of 
  

   freight 
  are 
  attained. 
  

  

  11) 
  These 
  canals 
  are 
  being 
  improved 
  by 
  the 
  State 
  of 
  New 
  York 
  

   to 
  the 
  extent 
  that 
  when 
  completed 
  the 
  capacity 
  of 
  the 
  boats 
  

   navigating 
  them 
  will 
  be 
  increased 
  about 
  70 
  per 
  cent, 
  the 
  time 
  of 
  

   transit 
  will 
  be 
  materially 
  reduced, 
  and 
  it 
  will 
  be 
  possible 
  and 
  

   practicable 
  to 
  move 
  freight 
  between 
  Lake 
  Erie 
  and 
  New 
  York 
  

   for 
  about 
  60 
  per 
  cent 
  of 
  the 
  present 
  cost. 
  

  

  12) 
  Under 
  existing 
  conditions 
  and 
  methods 
  these 
  canals 
  re- 
  

   quire, 
  and 
  will 
  when 
  improved 
  require, 
  the 
  transference 
  of 
  freight 
  

   from 
  lake 
  vessels 
  to 
  canal 
  boats, 
  and 
  vice 
  versa, 
  at 
  lower 
  lake 
  

   ports. 
  

  

  13) 
  This 
  transference 
  is 
  an 
  important 
  and 
  expensive 
  item 
  in 
  

   the 
  cost 
  of 
  through 
  freight, 
  and 
  its 
  avoidance 
  or 
  material 
  reduc- 
  

   tion 
  is 
  very 
  desirable. 
  

  

  