﻿HYDROLOGY 
  OF 
  NEW 
  YORK 
  787 
  

  

  These 
  several 
  improvements, 
  while 
  necessary 
  for 
  a 
  complete 
  sys- 
  

   tem 
  of 
  navigation 
  of 
  the 
  Great 
  lakes 
  do 
  not 
  otherwise 
  specially 
  

   apply 
  to 
  the 
  State 
  of 
  New 
  York, 
  and 
  are 
  therefore 
  not 
  given 
  here. 
  

   They 
  may 
  be 
  found 
  in 
  detail 
  in 
  the 
  report 
  of 
  the 
  board. 
  

  

  The 
  utilization 
  of 
  natural 
  waterways. 
  Probably 
  the 
  particular 
  

   feature 
  which 
  most 
  deserves 
  attention 
  in 
  the 
  deep 
  waterways 
  sur- 
  

   veys 
  is 
  that 
  they 
  are 
  a 
  utilization 
  of 
  natural 
  waterways 
  and 
  not 
  

   in 
  any 
  sense 
  artificial 
  channels. 
  Of 
  the 
  total 
  distance 
  from 
  Buf- 
  

   falo 
  to 
  New 
  York 
  (477 
  miles) 
  only 
  102 
  miles 
  are 
  in 
  standard 
  

   canal 
  section, 
  and 
  98 
  miles 
  are 
  in 
  canalized 
  rivers 
  from 
  250 
  to 
  

   1000 
  feet 
  in 
  width. 
  The 
  remaining 
  277 
  miles 
  are 
  in 
  open 
  lakes 
  

   and 
  rivers, 
  where 
  a 
  vessel 
  can 
  make 
  nearly 
  or 
  quite 
  as 
  good 
  time 
  

   as 
  she 
  can 
  on 
  the 
  open 
  waters 
  of 
  Lake 
  Erie 
  or 
  Lake 
  Huron. 
  On 
  

   the 
  Barge 
  canal 
  about 
  200 
  miles, 
  or 
  nearly 
  double 
  the 
  distance, 
  is 
  

   in 
  artificial 
  channel. 
  

  

  This, 
  taken 
  in 
  connection 
  with 
  the 
  liberal 
  size 
  adopted 
  for 
  the 
  

   canal 
  section, 
  will 
  enable 
  vessels 
  to 
  make 
  a 
  very 
  high 
  speed 
  on 
  this 
  

   route. 
  The 
  estimates 
  have 
  been 
  worked 
  out 
  with 
  care, 
  from 
  the 
  

   known 
  time 
  occupied 
  by 
  vessels 
  in 
  passing 
  the 
  Sault 
  lock 
  and 
  the 
  

   St 
  Clair 
  canal, 
  checking 
  them 
  by 
  the 
  most 
  thorough 
  investigation 
  

   of 
  all 
  available 
  data 
  of 
  the 
  speed 
  of 
  vessels 
  in 
  existing 
  ship 
  

   canals. 
  The 
  result 
  shows 
  that 
  a 
  vessel 
  of 
  11,700 
  tons 
  displace- 
  

   ment 
  and 
  8600 
  tons 
  of 
  cargo 
  capacity 
  would 
  take 
  64 
  hours 
  to 
  

   make 
  the 
  passage 
  from 
  Buffalo 
  to 
  New 
  York 
  city, 
  477 
  miles. 
  

   About 
  7 
  hours 
  are 
  required 
  for 
  the 
  passage 
  from 
  Buffalo 
  through 
  

   the 
  Niagara 
  river 
  and 
  down 
  the 
  flight 
  of 
  locks 
  to 
  Lake 
  Ontario; 
  

   11 
  hours 
  more 
  through 
  the 
  open 
  waters 
  of 
  Lake 
  Ontario 
  bring 
  the 
  

   vessel 
  to 
  Oswego. 
  About 
  17 
  hours 
  are 
  then 
  required 
  for 
  the 
  pas- 
  

   sage 
  up 
  the 
  Oswego 
  valley 
  and 
  through 
  the 
  long 
  canal 
  section 
  to 
  

   the 
  pools 
  of 
  the 
  Mohawk 
  river 
  (of 
  which 
  about 
  two 
  hours 
  are 
  

   spent 
  in 
  traversing 
  the 
  open 
  waters 
  of 
  Lake 
  Oneida) 
  . 
  Then 
  9*/2 
  

   hours 
  are 
  required 
  for 
  the 
  passage 
  down 
  the 
  Mohawk 
  valley; 
  8 
  

   hours 
  for 
  the 
  passage 
  from 
  there 
  to 
  the 
  Hudson, 
  and 
  12 
  hours 
  for 
  

   the 
  run 
  down 
  the 
  Hudson 
  to 
  New 
  York. 
  1 
  

  

  The 
  preferable 
  route. 
  The 
  following 
  in 
  regard 
  to 
  comparison 
  

   of 
  the 
  waterways 
  is 
  taken 
  from 
  the 
  Report 
  of 
  the 
  Board 
  of 
  

   Engineers 
  : 
  

  

  1 
  Abstract 
  from 
  editorial 
  in 
  Engineering 
  News. 
  

  

  