﻿836 
  NEW 
  YORK 
  STATE 
  MUSEUM 
  

  

  for 
  measuring 
  water 
  was 
  100 
  square 
  inches, 
  to 
  be 
  measured 
  

   through 
  an 
  aperture 
  in 
  thin 
  plate 
  50 
  inches 
  wide, 
  2 
  inches 
  deep, 
  

   and 
  under 
  a 
  head 
  of 
  3 
  feet 
  from 
  the 
  surface 
  of 
  the 
  water 
  to 
  the 
  

   center 
  of 
  the 
  aperture; 
  but 
  in 
  1859 
  a 
  series 
  of 
  measurements 
  

   were 
  carefully 
  made 
  under 
  the 
  direction 
  of 
  the 
  late 
  James 
  B. 
  

   Francis, 
  using 
  an 
  old 
  canal 
  lock 
  as 
  a 
  measuring 
  chamber. 
  These 
  

   measurements 
  showed 
  that 
  the 
  old 
  standard 
  corresponded 
  to 
  

   about 
  5.9 
  cubic 
  feet 
  of 
  water 
  per 
  second. 
  As 
  a 
  result 
  6.0 
  cubic 
  

   feet 
  of 
  water 
  per 
  second, 
  under 
  20 
  feet 
  head, 
  was 
  taken 
  as 
  a 
  new 
  

   standard 
  constituting 
  a 
  mill 
  power. 
  On 
  this 
  basis 
  a 
  mill 
  power 
  

   is 
  equivalent 
  to 
  13.63 
  gross 
  horsepower, 
  which, 
  at 
  f 
  200 
  per 
  mill 
  

   power 
  per 
  annum, 
  costs 
  $14.67 
  per 
  gross 
  horsepower 
  per 
  annum. 
  

   At 
  75 
  per 
  cent 
  efficiency 
  the 
  annual 
  rental 
  for 
  water 
  per 
  net 
  

   horsepower 
  becomes 
  $19.57. 
  In 
  regard 
  to 
  just 
  what 
  is 
  paid 
  for 
  

   by 
  the 
  annual 
  rental, 
  both 
  at 
  Oswego 
  and 
  Oohoes, 
  it 
  may 
  be 
  

   remarked 
  that 
  the 
  foregoing 
  prices 
  are 
  for 
  water 
  in 
  the 
  raceway, 
  

   the 
  company 
  maintaining 
  the 
  dams, 
  headworks, 
  and 
  main 
  race 
  

   ways, 
  the 
  lessee 
  taking 
  the 
  water 
  at 
  the 
  face 
  of 
  the 
  raceway 
  and 
  

   maintaining 
  his 
  own 
  head 
  gates, 
  flumes, 
  bulkheads, 
  wheels, 
  and 
  

   any 
  other 
  appliances 
  necessary 
  for 
  utilizing 
  the 
  water 
  in 
  the 
  

   production 
  of 
  power. 
  

  

  The 
  waterpower 
  at 
  Lockport. 
  owned 
  by 
  the 
  Lockport 
  Hy- 
  

   draulic 
  Company, 
  is 
  formed 
  by 
  the 
  drop 
  of 
  the 
  surplus 
  water 
  of 
  

   the 
  Erie 
  canal 
  through 
  a 
  distance 
  of 
  58 
  feet. 
  A 
  run 
  of 
  water 
  at 
  

   Lockport 
  does 
  not 
  appear 
  to 
  be 
  very 
  well 
  defined, 
  but 
  the 
  rental 
  

   charge 
  ranges 
  from 
  $12.50 
  to 
  $16.67 
  per 
  effective 
  horsepower- 
  

   So 
  far 
  as 
  known 
  to 
  the 
  writer, 
  just 
  what 
  constitutes 
  an 
  effective 
  

   horsepower 
  has 
  not 
  been 
  defined. 
  

  

  At 
  Niagara 
  Falls 
  the 
  rental 
  price 
  of 
  undeveloped 
  hydraulic 
  

   power 
  has 
  been 
  fixed 
  at 
  from 
  $8 
  to 
  $10 
  per 
  gross 
  horsepower 
  per 
  

   annum, 
  the 
  party 
  renting 
  the 
  power 
  taking 
  the 
  water 
  at 
  the 
  face 
  

   of 
  the 
  head 
  race 
  and 
  making 
  its 
  own 
  connection 
  with 
  the 
  dis- 
  

   charge 
  tunnel. 
  Electric 
  power 
  by 
  a 
  two-phase 
  alternating 
  cur- 
  

   rent 
  as 
  it 
  comes 
  from 
  the 
  generator 
  is 
  sold 
  in 
  blocks 
  of 
  2000 
  or 
  

   3000 
  horsepower, 
  at 
  $20 
  per 
  net 
  horsepower 
  per 
  annum, 
  the 
  pur- 
  

   chasers 
  furnishing 
  transformers, 
  motors 
  and 
  all 
  other 
  electric 
  

   appliances. 
  In 
  small 
  blocks 
  the 
  price 
  has 
  been 
  fixed 
  somewhat 
  

   higher. 
  

  

  