﻿HYDROLOGY 
  OF 
  NEW 
  YORK 
  839 
  

  

  Gross 
  horse- 
  

   power 
  

  

  Oswego 
  river 
  and 
  tributaries 
  40,000 
  

  

  Black 
  river 
  and 
  tributaries 
  120 
  ; 
  000 
  

  

  Other 
  tributaries 
  of 
  Lake 
  Ontario 
  10,000 
  

  

  St 
  Lawrence 
  river 
  400,000 
  

  

  Oswegatchie, 
  Grasse, 
  Raquette, 
  St 
  Regis, 
  Salmon, 
  

  

  Chateaugay, 
  and 
  other 
  streams 
  tributary 
  to 
  the 
  

  

  St 
  Lawrence 
  150,000 
  

  

  Saranac, 
  Ausable, 
  Lake 
  George 
  outlet, 
  and 
  other 
  

  

  streams 
  tributary 
  to 
  Lake 
  Champlain. 
  40,000 
  

  

  Hudson 
  river 
  and 
  tributaries, 
  not 
  including 
  Mohawk 
  

  

  river 
  210,000 
  

  

  Mohawk 
  river 
  and 
  tributaries 
  60,000 
  

  

  Streams 
  tributary 
  to 
  Allegheny 
  river 
  5,000 
  

  

  Streams 
  tributary 
  to 
  Susquehanna 
  river 
  25,000 
  

  

  Streams 
  tributary 
  to 
  Delaware 
  river 
  30,000 
  

  

  Waterpower 
  of 
  Erie 
  canal 
  10,000 
  

  

  Total 
  1,518,000 
  

  

  OBSTRUCTIVE 
  EFFECT 
  OF 
  FRAZIL 
  OR 
  ANCHOR 
  ICE 
  

  

  A 
  very 
  serious 
  difficulty 
  in 
  operating 
  waterpowers 
  on 
  many 
  of 
  

   the 
  more 
  rapid 
  streams 
  of 
  this 
  State 
  is 
  that 
  caused 
  by 
  the 
  forma- 
  

   tion 
  and 
  agglomeration 
  of 
  frazil 
  and 
  anchor 
  ice, 
  and 
  probably 
  

   there 
  is 
  no 
  subject 
  in 
  connection 
  with 
  waterpower 
  development 
  

   which 
  presents 
  so 
  many 
  difficulties 
  as 
  this. 
  So 
  far 
  as 
  can 
  be 
  

   learned, 
  nothing 
  has 
  been 
  done 
  in 
  the 
  State 
  in 
  the 
  way 
  of 
  studying 
  

   these 
  phenomena, 
  although 
  the 
  waterpowers 
  on 
  many 
  New 
  York 
  

   streams 
  are 
  reported 
  as 
  subject 
  to 
  interruption 
  nearly 
  every 
  year 
  

   on 
  account 
  of 
  the 
  formation 
  of 
  frazil 
  and 
  anchor 
  ice. 
  The 
  way 
  

   to 
  find 
  a 
  remedy 
  is 
  first 
  to 
  ascertain 
  all 
  that 
  can 
  be 
  learned 
  in 
  

   regard 
  to 
  the 
  difficulty 
  to 
  be 
  overcome. 
  From 
  this 
  point 
  of 
  view 
  

   it 
  is 
  deemed 
  proper 
  to 
  include 
  herein 
  a 
  short 
  account 
  of 
  studies 
  

   of 
  frazil 
  and 
  anchor 
  ice 
  made 
  in 
  the 
  neighboring 
  Dominion 
  of 
  

   Canada. 
  

  

  Under 
  the 
  direction 
  of 
  John 
  Kennedy, 
  Chief 
  Engineer 
  of 
  the 
  

   Harbor 
  Commissioners' 
  works 
  at 
  Montreal, 
  very 
  extensive 
  studies 
  

   of 
  the 
  formation 
  of 
  frazil 
  and 
  anchor 
  ice 
  have 
  been 
  made. 
  The 
  

  

  