CERTAIN ABORIGINAL RExMAINS OF THE NW. FLORIDA COAST. 231 



has a diameter of bowl of 3.5 inclies. The other, with a small, rude decoration of 

 incised lines, is 2.5 inches across the bowl, Avithin which is carbonized material, tobac- 

 co or a substitute for it (Fig. 167). As the other burials in the mound were at con- 

 siderable depth, some lying on the base, it is possible that this burial was intrusive, 

 especially as the bones were in so much better condition than the others in the 

 mound. We may say that the presence of smoking pipes with a burial would not 

 of necessity prompt us to consider it a recent interment, since we are convinced that 



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Fig. 167.— Smokiug pipe of earthenware. With Burial No. 3. .Jackson mound. (Full size.) 



pipes were in the possession of the aborigines long previous to the coming of the 

 whites. We have personally found pipes in too many mounds in which no article 

 of European make was present, to come to any other conclusion, and it is our belief 

 that a contrary opinion is held by those only who have never engaged in field work.^ 



With the exception of a hammer-stone with one burial and a large, flat pebble 

 with another, no additional artifacts were found with the dead, though it is our 

 belief that certain pockets of very dark sand near the center of the mound, near 

 which objects were met with, were places where burials had been. 



In sand blackened by organic matter, 5 feet from the surface, lay a hammer- 

 stone with a small corroded disc of sheet copper or of brass, too badly carbonated 

 for analysis. 



Extending a certain distance in from the margin, along the base or just above 

 it, in the E. and NE. parts of the mound, scattered here and there, and not closely 

 associated, were many sherds and numerous vessels of earthenware. These vessels 

 had the mortuary perforation of base almost without exception. In the great 

 majority of cases the vessels were imperfect through breakage before interment and 



' For the opinion of a veteran field worker see "Arehreological History of Oliio," page 588, et 

 seq., by Gerard Fowke, Columbus, Ohio, 1902. 



