446 CERTAIN ABORIGINAL MOUNDS, APALACHICOLA RIVER. 



The mound, which had been dug into in almost every direction, had, at the 

 time of our visit, a height of 5 feet 3 inches. The base, circular in outline, was 45 

 feet in diameter. 



The mound, which was totally dug down by us, was composed of brown sand 

 with a certain admixture of clay. The sand in the eastern and southern parts of 

 the mound, where most of the pottery was found, was of a deeper brown than else- 

 where. Below the mound was sand seemingly undisturbed, yellow, rather coarse, 

 without admixture of clay. 



Burials were noted at forty-two points, and were met with marginally, and 

 throughout the mound to the center, the greater number being in the southeastern, 

 southern and southwestern parts, where the principal deposit of pottery was found, 

 though the pottery was seldom directly associated with burials. 



The forms of burial were similar to the majority of those found along the north- 

 west Florida coast, consisting of the flexed skeleton, the bunched burial and the 

 lone skull. The condition of the bones was fragmentary through decay, crania 

 being represented by one calvarium. Upon this no artificial flattening was ap- 

 parent. 



With the burials were a number of artifacts, including several vessels of 

 earthenware, one immediately over a skull; chisels wrought from lips of marine 

 univalves ; shell beads, large and small ; fifty small shells {Marginella) perforated 

 for use as beads; many small, round masses of hematite, perhaps used in a rattle; 

 a number of '-celts" of various rocks; two hones of ferruginous sandstone; a 



number of small, sharp flakes of chert, together ; one glass 

 bead from the body of the mound ; several columellaa of 

 marine univalves, with pointed ends. 



With Burial No. 15, a bunch, were : two large colu- 

 melliB, each pointed at one end and each having a portion 

 of the shell remaining on the upper part, doubtless to serve 

 as a handle ; two shell hair-pins ; mussel-shells ; one stone 

 "celt;" shells used as beads {Marginella) ; two shell 

 chisels made from lips of marine univalves ; two fine shell 

 gouges wrought from the body whorl oi Fulgur ; two bones 

 of a lower animal, probably ulnas of deer, badly decayed, 

 with the proximal articular parts present, and the distal 

 ends, which, seemingly, had been worked to a point, miss- 

 ing ; two tibice of the deer, with both ends cut off, doubtless 

 handles ; a number of fragmentary implements of bone. 

 With these was a fish-hook of bone (Fig. 94), 3.2 inches in 

 length, having two features not before met with by us in 

 our mound work. The lower end has a part of the articular 



and the hook has a well- 



FiG. 94.— Fish-hook of bone. 

 Mound near Chipola Cut- 

 off. (Full size.) 



surface of the bone remaining, 

 defined barb. Barbed fish-hooks of 



aboriginal make are 



