466 CERTAIN ABORIGINAL MOUNDS, APALACHICOLA RIVER. 



Fig. 129. — Stopper-shaped object of earthenware, 

 near (Uiipola Cut-off. (Full size.) 



Mouud 



This mound was distinctly a post-Columbian one. Glass came from below the 

 base, and brass was met with in it in three different places. Presumably, previous 

 diggers had removed other objects of European provenance. The reader is urged 



to contrast this mound with that near 

 the great shell-heap on Crystal river, 

 described in the paper preceding this, 

 where, among hundreds of objects, noth- 

 ing indicating a European origin was 

 found. In that mound the copper found 

 was native copper, which, by analysi's, 

 can readily be distinguished from the 

 impure results of the smelting processes 

 formerly in vogue in Europe, by which 

 copper was recovered from arsenical, sul- 

 phide ores. Much of the so-called sheet- 

 copper traded with aborigines by Euro- 

 peans is in reality brass. If any re- 

 pousse or open-work designs, such as are 

 found on native copper in many of the 

 larger mounds which contain no objects 

 admittedly of European provenance, have 

 been found on either sheet-brass or on sheet-copper of the impure kind furnished 

 by Europeans, it has eluded our most careful inquiries. 



Mound near Estiffanulga, Apalachicola River, Liberty County. 



This mound, in pine woods, about one mile in a NE. direction from Estiflfa- 

 nulga, on property of Hon. Thomas Johnson, resident near that place, had been 

 dug into in but a very superficial way prior to our visit. Its height was 3 feet; its 

 basal diameter, 38 feet. The mound, composed of yellow, clayey sand, was totally 

 demolished by us, with the exception of small portions around certain trees. 



Human remains were met with but once, 4 feet down, in the center of the 

 mound, in white sand with intermingling of bits of charcoal. The burial consisted 

 of decaying remnants of a lower jaw, two femurs, one tibia. 



In the southwestern slope was a rather graceful, spheroidal vessel of fairly 

 good ware, undecorated, with a thickening of rim which projects slightly outward. 

 The usual basal perforation is present. 



In the eastern margin was a bowl with perforate base, bearing a small check- 

 stamp. 



There were several fragments of undecorated vessels and undecorated vessels 

 in fragments, about the mound, also one sherd with a complicated stamp- decoration. 



Separately, here and there in the mound, were three graceful " celts " of various 

 rocks, and another "celt" which, seemingly, had been used to smooth or to polish 



