DIFFEEENT RACES OF MANKIND. 357 



exercising the utmost influence upon ethnological doctrines at this time. I allude to 

 the now notorious Indo-European, or Aryan hypothesis, which has been elaborated 

 by the learned labors of three generations of scholars, and has grown so much in the 

 favor of the scientific world that it is almost perilous to dare to call it in question. 

 Still, although the building up of the structure of this hypothesis has been regarded 

 to be the work of the philologist and grammarian, these ingenious inquirers cannot 

 quite emancipate themselves from the much less inviting studies of the anatomist. 

 If it be true that the size of the brain of man is really specific and fixed in the race 

 to which he appertains, and especially if all his race-peculiarities are determined by 

 the development of the brain belonging to that special race, — and such positions 

 appear to us to be correct, — then to overlook the specific volume of the brain in the 

 different races of man would be fatal to any hypothesis which is seen to be at vari- 

 ance with these positions. The Aryan hypothesis supposes the existence of an 

 ancient fine Aryan race, of high powers, in some region of central Asia; the particu- 

 lar region has not been very definitely fixed by the supporters of the Aryan 

 hypothesis. As there is danger of misconception when we speak of these hypotheti- 

 cal matters, it is preferable to quote the statements of the initiated. One of the latest 

 authorities, Mr. Justice Campbell, in his memoir on " The Ethnology of India," says 

 the Afghans or Pathans are " physically among the very finest people on earth." 

 Whenever language of this kind is used, it may be confidently assumed that we are 

 treading upon the heels of the mythic " Aryan." The Justice seems to hesitate 

 whether to take the Afghans as the type, or " the Khatrees and Khasas and more 

 aboriginal Caucasians," who held Afghanistan before them. But he has no doubt 

 that this country is the seat of the original Aryan race, for his next section is " On 

 the Aboriginal Arians of the Indian Caucasus." These " pure Arian aborigines," he 

 says, are " altogether such a people as we might expect to give birth to Khasas and 

 early Brahminical Hindoos." p. 146.* Dr. Nicolucci, in his elegant Anthropology of 

 Greece, defines the primeval seat of the Aryans to be somewhat the same, — the region 



* It should not be omitted that of all countries Mr. Campbell claims Kasbmere for the seat of this primeval 

 stock more particularly than any other. " Kashmere is a Brahmin country," and apparently the source of all 

 the Brahmins. "The Kashmir Bramins are quite High-Arian in the type of their features, very fair and 

 handsome, with high chiselled features, and no trace of intermixture of the blood of any lower race." Pao-e 57. 

 Yet, he says, "the institutions of the people have nothing of the democratic character," which seems to be quite 

 at variance with the Judge's principles. 



Mr. Campbell deserves credit for his energetic efforts to elucidate the subject on which he treats. His 

 essay is remarkable, as it is in some measure an application of his professional knowledge to the ethnology of 

 the Indian races. He has studied the spirit of their laws and institutions, ami often determines the Indo- 

 European alliances of tribes who have an independent spirit and democratic institutions. The philosophy of 

 the Judge is pretty much the same upon these points as upon the physical features. A sentence will show 

 this: "It may be asserted of all these Caucasian tribes that, while they are physically as handsome and fine as 

 possible, they are not so democratic and sturdy as the Afghans." p. 146. 



