118 MR. E. W. BINNEY ON THE PERMIAN AND 



walls testify. The dip is to the west^ at an angle of 12°. 

 On proceeding up the river_, the yellow sandstone changes 

 into a rock of a dark red soft sandstone of considerable 

 thickness, and then the same becomes divided by bands of 

 red shale. Next comes a bed of fine conglomerate, 6 inches 

 in thickness, consisting of fine pebbles of red and white 

 quartz, well rounded, some of them being of the size of a 

 small pea, cemented together by a red calcareous paste. 

 The rock efiervesces briskly when treated with sulphuric 

 acid. Under the conglomerate occurs a bed of red lumpy 

 shale, 2 feet in thickness, and then a few feet of variegated 

 white and purple clays. All these beds dip to the west, at 

 an angle of 12°. Some 10 feet of ground is not seen; and 

 then appears a bed of black laminated shales, containing 

 large rounded nodules of limestone, full of Goniatites, dip- 

 ping to the south at an angle of 40°. They appear like 

 limestone shales from their general characters, but they 

 may be a bed of shales belonging to the millstone-grits ; 

 the Goniatites would not enable me to speak with certainty. 



These soft, red, yellow, and variegated sandstones, with 

 their thin bed of calcareous conglomerate, appear to me to 

 be of Permian age, and they rest quite unconformably on 

 the edges of the black shales. 



A little to the south of Roach Bridge the millstone-grits 

 make their appearance. In Hoghton, at a quarry known by 

 the name of the Hollies, they are seen in the form of a hard 

 gritstone of a red colour, the upper part of the rock, to the 

 depth of 2 feet, being of a greenish-brown hue, and much 

 decomposed. It dips to the W.N.W., at 20°. 



The following is a rough estimate of the thickness of 

 the Triassic and Permian strata, as seen in the Darwen 

 section : — 



';:. ft. in. 



Trias (pebble-beds) . ■ ■ • • • about 350 o 

 Space not seen about 400 o 



