120 FUMARIACE.E. 



placed opposite the inner sepals : style subulate or filiform : 

 stigma crest-like, flattened contrary to the placentae, 2 - 4- 

 lobed or horned. Ovules numerous, horizontal in two rows 

 on each placenta, between amphitropous and anatropous. 



Capsule siliquaeform, lanceolate or oblong, membrana- 

 ceous ; the two valves separable from the filiform interval- 

 vular placentas, which remain with the persistent style. 

 Seeds several, globular-reniform, with a shining crustaceous 

 testa, conspicuously crested at the hilum. Embryo minute, 

 at the narrowed base of I he fleshy albumen next the hilum. 



Herbs low and acaulescent ; the slender rootstocks tuber- 

 iferous or granuliferous, sending up slender petioles support- 

 ing a ternately-compound leaf with pinnately multifid divis- 

 ions, and scapes, bearing a simple raceme or else cymulose 

 clusters of handsome (white, purple, or cream-colored) flow- 

 ers. Pedicels bracteate and bibracteolate, nodding. 



Etymology. From Sty, double, and Kivrpov, spur. A slip or typograph- 

 ical error by Borkhausen (who however gave the derivation correctly) gave 

 rise to much confusion respecting the name, as the synonymy shows. 



Geographical Distribution and Division. A genus of a few North 

 American and two Siberian species. (D. chrysantha, Hook. 6f Am., from 

 California, will probably be found not to belong to the genus.) — Our species 

 form two sections, to be characterized differently from Bernhardi, as follows. 

 § 1. Cucullaria, Raf. — Flowers simply racemose, vernal (either 2-gib- 

 bous or 2-spurred). Gland at the base of the stamens spur-like. Calyx 

 and corolla early deciduous. (D. Cucullaria and D. Canadensis.) 

 § 2. Capnorchis, Borkh. ex Endl. (Eucapnos, Bernh.) — Raceme com- 

 pound ; the flowers c.ymulose-fascicled, produced through the summer. 

 Glands obsolete. Floral envelopes marcescent ! (D. formosa & D. 

 eximia.) 



PLATE 50. Fig. 1-5. Dicentra Canadensis, DC. (under Diclylra). 



1. Dissected flower, enlarged; with 2, the inner petals, removed. 



3. Upper part of one set of stamens, more magnified. 



4. Enlarged pistil, the ovary cut across to show the ovulation. 



5. A fertilized ovule, magnified ; the crest appearing from the raphe above. 



6. Ripe pod, with the persistent floral envelopes, of D. eximia. 



7. Same, with the valves detached from the replum, and seeds fallen. 



8. A seed, from the same, and 9, a section through the crest ; magnified. 

 10. The embryo taken from the last, and highly magnified. 



