violace.e. 185 



Plate 80. 

 VIOLA, Tourn. 



Sepala subaequalia, basi producta soluta. Petala inaequa- 

 lia, anticum basi saccatum seu calcaratum. Stamina coarc- 

 tata, 2 anticis dorso calcaratis. — Herba? caulescentes vel 

 acaulescentes, pedunculis solitariis unifloris. 



Viola, Tourn. Inst. p. 419. t. 236. Linn. Gen. 1007. (excl. spec.) Juss. 

 Gen. p. 294. Gaertn. Fr. t. 112. Schkuhr, Handb. t. 269. 

 Ging. in DC. Prodr. 1. p. 291, & in Mem. Soc. Genev. 2. p. 1. 

 Torr. & Gray, Fl. N. Am. 1. p. 136. Endl. Gen. 5040. 



Violet. Pansy. 



Calyx herbaceous, persistent ; the sepals 5, scarcely une- 

 qual, distinct or nearly so, produced below the insertion into 

 a free appendage, imbricated in aestivation, the odd one su- 

 perior. Petals 5, hypogynous, alternate with the sepals, 

 unequal, imbricated (and a little twisted, but not convolute) 

 in aestivation, one of the two upper and usually smaller ones 

 exterior, the lower one interior and larger than the others, 

 saccate or spurred at the base, marcescent or deciduous. 

 Stamens 5, hypogynous on an annular or concave torus, 

 alternate with the petals : proper filaments very short or 

 obsolete ; the connective dilated, membranaceous, and pro- 

 duced above the anther into a wing-like triangular or ovate 

 apical appendage, the five connivent or more or less coherent 

 over the pistil which they inclose ; the two anterior produced 

 from the back into spur-shaped appendages which are receiv- 

 ed into the spur or sac of the anterior petal : anthers adnate 

 to the inner face of the broad connective, two-celled ; the 

 cells divergent at the base, opening by a longitudinal in- 

 trorse line. Ovary sessile, ovoid-three-sided, one-celled with 

 three strictly parietal placenta? : style terminal, clavate or 

 subulate, various in form, persistent : stigma various, often 

 13 



