CASTEROl'ODA. 299 



it is found. It is subject to considerable variety in form and colour ; the 

 toothless var. not unfrequently occurs, and on a sea-bank at Belfast Bay I 

 once obtained a specimen with tAvo teeth, but, differing in no other respect 

 from the ordinary shell, I cannot consider it otherwise than an accidental 

 variety of P. umhilicata. Specimens whitish and opaque, like " dead shells," 

 not unfrequently occur containing the living animal. Occasionally in 

 the North, at the South Islands of Arran, and about the lakes of Killar- 

 ney, I have procured a few individuals of a crystalline transparency, the 

 elegance of their appearance being much enhanced by the pure white 

 margin of the peristome. The animal is of a very pale grey colour. 



P. Anglica, Alder. 



This species, considered peculiar to England when described by Ferus- 

 sac, and in the very latest Avork treating of the British land Mollusca 

 having only the localities " North of England, Northumberland, Lanca- 

 shire " attributed to it, is found in the North and South, in the East and 

 West, of Ireland ; but at the same time is by no means general, or, except 

 in particular spots, plentiful, like P. iiinhiJicata. Under stones, on marsh 

 plants, in wet moss, &c., it harbours. I first met with it in June, 1833, in 

 the County of Londonderry, at the side of the river Bann, near its junc- 

 tion Avith the ocean ; in lumierous localities throughout Domu and An- 

 trim, and in the demesne of Florence Court, County Fermanagh, it since 

 occurred to me ; in the West, on the mountain of Benbulben in Sligo ; in 

 the South, about O'Sullivan's cascade, at the lower lake of Killarney : and 

 in the East, in the glen of the Downs, County Wicklow. Dr. W. H. 

 Harvey obtained this species " near Ballitore, and on the sand-hills, Mil- 

 town jNIalbay." but notes it as very rare. In the collections of Mr. T. W. 

 Warren and Mr. Edw. AValler, of Dul)lin, are specimens procured by the 

 former gentleman at Ardmore (County Waterford), and in the neighbour- 

 hood of the metropolis ; and by the latter at Annahoe, County Tyrone ; 

 and at Killanella Wood, Co. Galway, close to Loch Derg ; — near Portar- 

 lington it is found by the Rev. B. J. Clarke, and by the Rev. T. Hincks 

 near Cork, where it is " abundant in wet moss." In England I have col- 

 lected the P. AvijJica at Twizel House, Northumberland; in Scotland, 

 about Ballantrae, Ayrshire. 



The shells of this Pupa commonly vary in colour from pale greyish- 

 brown to a deep reddish shade of this colour, and are rarely of a glassy 

 transparency ; the margin of the mouth and teeth are generally of the 

 colour of the shell, but sometimes pure white. Mr. Gray, having had 

 the opportunity of consulting the work only of M. Michaud, refers his 

 Pupa tridental is with doubt to this species, but from having been favoured 

 by its describer with specimens of this shell from the neighbourhood of 

 Lyons, I can state with certainty that it is entirely distinct from P. An- 

 glica, and a species unknoMn as British. Mr. Gray makes Pfeiffer's Pupa 

 bidentata, 1, o9, t. 3, f. 21, 22, synonymous with P. Anglica, but, judg- 

 ing from the diagnosis and figures, I cannot think them the same. 



P. marginata, Drap., 



Is common, and, although not generally diffused, is found from the ex- 

 treme North to South, and East to West, of Ireland. It is particularly 

 partial to the sand-hills or pastures bordering the coast, and to marine 

 islets, as those in Strangibrd Lough ; in the inland parts of the country 

 it likewise occurs. Tlie tooth is rarely visible : specimens containing the 

 living animal are not unfrequently of a whitish colour. 



