62 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM 



from extremely fine sand that will pass through a loo mesh screen 

 to rather coarse gravel. The business of digging and shipping the 

 sand is mainly conducted by a few large companies who operate in 

 several places and are able to furnish all the grades in demand by 

 foundries. 



The production of molding sand in 191 1 amounted to 476,014 

 short tons valued at $420,780, or a little more than in 1910 when 

 the total was 471,351 tons valued at $424,015. The greater part of 

 the output came from the Hudson river region, which contributed 

 altogether 435,868 short tons with a value of $388,561. The 

 counties represented in that section included Albany, Dutchess, 

 Greene, Orange, Rensselaer, Saratoga and Schenectady. The 

 counties in other sections that reported a production were Cayuga, 

 Chautauqua, Erie, Essex, Livingston and Queens. 



Core sand used in connection with molding sand for the cores of 

 castings is chiefly produced in Erie and Oneida counties. The 

 product is listed with fire sand, the combined production of the two 

 kinds amounting last year to 49,900 short tons valued at $27,484. 



Glass sand. Sand for glass manufacture is obtained from the 

 beach sands of Oneida lake and Long Island. The crude sand 

 undergoes purification by washing to remove the clay, mica, organic 

 matter, etc. The manufacture of window glass was once an im- 

 portant industry in the district around Oneida lake where there are 

 extensive deposits of very fine sand, but it has succumbed to com- 

 petition with the factories situated in the natural gas region of 

 Pennsylvania and the West. At present the product is shipped 

 elsewhere for manufacture. A total of 20,821 short tons of glass 

 sand valued at $16,000 was reported from the Oneida and Queens 

 counties last year. ^ 



Building sand. The use of sand and gravel in building and S 

 engineering work calls for enormous quantities of these materials 

 and is the basis of a productive industry that is carried on more 

 or less actively in nearly every county of the State. The business 

 is purely local, as the towns and villages are well suppUed with de- 

 posits close at hand. The value of the materials is mainly repre- h 

 sented in the cost of excavation. " 



A complete census of this branch of the sand industry would 

 entail labor and expense incommensurate with the value of the re- 

 sults, and therefore nothing more has been done than to arrive at a J 

 basis for an approximate estimate. The combined value of the 

 sand and gravel produced in 191 1 is placed at $1,229,103, against 

 a value of $1^606,149 in 1910. The quantity of sand was approxi- 



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