82 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM 



were Dutchess, Rockland, Genesee, Warren, Ulster, Niagara, and 

 Albany, ranking in the order given. 



The distribution of the limestone production by. counties and also 

 according to uses is shown in the accompanying tables. 



Crushed stone. Limestone finds its principal application as 

 crushed stone in which form it is extensively employed for road 

 metal, concrete and railroad ballast. There are large quarries in 

 Erie, Genesee, Dutchess and Rockland counties besides a great 

 number of smaller ones elsewhere, that are equipped with crushing 

 plants. The canal and highway improvements which have been in 

 progress recently have created a large market for the material, and 

 the production has shown a steady increase. The waste or fine 

 dust that results from crushing is finding use as a fertilizer for 

 soils deficient in lime. 



The value of the crushed limestone for 191 1 was reported at 

 $1,936,292, as compared with $1,815,809 for the preceding year. 

 The total quantity represented was 3,116,958 cubic yards against 

 2,800,000 cubic yards in 19 10. Erie county alone contributed an 

 output valued at $489,881. The other counties reporting a value of 

 over $100,000 last year were Dutchess, Rockland, Onondaga, 

 Genesee and Albany. 



Lime. The total value of the lime made in 191 1 was $400,396. 

 This represented a considerable advance from the total of $365,839 

 reported in 1910, but fell short of the record for 1909. The lime 

 made by the Solvay Process Co. and the Union Carbide Co. has 

 not been included in the totals given, but classed under " Other 

 uses." The leading counties in the manufacture of lime for the 

 trade were Warren, Clinton and Jefferson. 



Building stone. The limestones found in the State have only a 

 limited sale for building purposes and few quarries supply more 

 than a local demand so that their output fluctuates greatly from 

 year to year. The restricted market seems to be largely due to the 

 fact that the limestones are prevailingly of grayish color in medium 

 to dark tints, whereas the present demand is for white or very light 

 gray stone such as the Bedford Hmestone. The extending use of 

 concrete has also been a factor in the recent decline of the cut stone 

 trade, though it has increased the sale of crushed stone. 



The returns for 191 1 showed a total product of building stone 

 valued at $112,082, as compared with a value of $99,049 in the pre- 

 ceding year. The small gain indicated by these totals did not 

 suffice to counterbalance the decline in the previous years; in 1908 



