76 p. A. ØYEN. 



Iceland, Vatnajøkull ...... 647 



Norway, Jostedalsbræ 79 



„ Hardangerjøkel 69 



„ Galdhøtind Region ... 54 



The decrease of normal erosion, as the intensity of gla- 

 ciation diminishes, is here easily perceptible. 



Several geologists have made an attempt to form a defini- 

 tion of the outlines of Norwegian surface configuration. Most 

 of them have failed. In each of these different sketches we may, 

 however, trace a grain of truth. There is a great difference be- 

 tween surface configuration in the northern part of our country 

 and that in the south. But if we are only to take into conside- 

 ration the configuration of southern Norway, we are no doubt 

 justified in regarding the surface as consisting of three inclined 

 planes, each of them being undulatory. The principal plane is 

 here incUned towards the east and south-east, whereas the two 

 other planes are found to incline towards the west and north- 

 west respectively. But, even if three planes may roughly spea- 

 king be said to cover the whole surface, it proves highly inter- 

 esting to study the combination and connection between them. 

 This is more especially the case with regard to the continuous 

 passage from the south-easterly plane to the westerly one in the 

 southern part of our country. 



Stratigraphically, some mountain ranges may be proved to 

 exist within the boundaries of our country, but it is rather a 

 great mistake to confound these traces of ancient ridges with 

 present orography. 



We are not able to form any correct idea as to the super- 

 ficial configuration of our country towards the end of the Ter- 

 tiary Period. It is possible that a more primary form is still 

 preserved, but this has not been proved, and is extremely difficult 

 to prove, for here, not only orography itself, but also vertical 

 oscillations of the earth's crust are to be taken into consideration. 

 And a very active modelling has, no doubt, been going on for 



