150 FRIDTJOF NANSEN. 



tween — 0'30°C. and — 1'13°C. The density of this water, with 

 no allowance for the compression, is 1 "02806 in the upper war- 

 mest strata (about -03 °C.), but 1*02808 in all deeper strata. 

 Whether slight variations exist in this density of the deeper stata 

 has not been possible to decide with certainty by our methods. It 

 is a conspicuous feature in the vertical distribution of this bottom 

 water that its upper boundary is lowest in the central part of the 

 sea (at about 800 m.) but rises towards the coasts on both sides, 

 to about 600 m. on the Norwegian side and to 400 m. near 

 Iceland. The cause can only to some small extent be that the 

 overlying water is considerably lighter on both sides than in the 

 middle of the sea. The mean density of the water between m 

 and 1400 m. is at Stat. 7, 1-02791, at Stat. 8, 1-02793, and at 

 Stat. 9, 1-02800. 



(2) The cold water of the East Icelandic Polar Current, 

 the influence of which is distinctly seen in the shape of the 

 isotherms, the isohalines, and the isopyknals at Stat. 9. We 

 have here relatively low temperatures and salinities and high 

 densities, which prove that the upper water-strata at this station 

 (between m. and 300 m.) had to a very great extent been 



mixed with Polar water coming from the north. 



The shape of the isotherms and the isohalines demonstrate 

 clearly this process of intermixture, tongues of warmer and more 

 saline water being situated between strata of more Polar water; 

 while the isopyknals have a more regular course. 



(3) Atlantic water with relatively high temperatures and 

 salinities but with low densities occurs on both sides in the sec- 

 tion; one greater bulk of Gulf Stream water on the Norwegian 

 side between m. and 420 m., with salinities from 35-20 ^/oo to 

 35"35 °/oo, and temperatures from 5°G. to 12° C; and a smaller 

 bulk of Atlantic water on the Iceland side between m. and 



35-00 **/oo or 35'01 "/oo- In order to attain more uniformity all Helland- 

 Hansen's determinations have been increased by 0'04 °/i,o in our. Sec- 

 tions Pis. 6 to 11. 



