14 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM 



of Fenton has buried the moraine. Between Brant and Hamburg 

 the moraine is either washed away or buried. East from Hamburg 

 the moraine belt widens rapidly. It lies north of East Aurora and 

 south of Alden and passes eastward into Wyoming county. 



The Marilla moraine of Leverett is, at least at the west end, only 

 a part of the Hamburg moraine. The distinction which is based 

 on a line of glacial drainage is not valid, as the whole breadth of 

 the moraine has been cut equally by the streams past the ice front 

 [see pi. 5]. The Hamburg moraine extends north to the Warren 

 beach all the way from Hamburg east to Alden, the beach forming 

 the present northern edge of the moraine. The Whittlesey beach, 

 which is weak here, lies on the moraine. 



Lying farther north and running east and west on the north- 

 facing slope of the Ontario basin are belts of moraine drift which 

 Leverett has named in successive order northward, the Alden 

 moraine; Pembroke ridges; Batavia, Barre and Albion moraines. 

 The two last are on ground lower than the surface of Lake Warren 

 and consequently do not figure in the history recorded in this 

 paper. 



Two of the moraines named above correlate with events in the 

 lake history. While the Hamburg moraine was forming, Lake 

 Whittlesey was destroyed and was succeeded by Lake Warren, as 

 described in a later chapter [see p. 64]. No evidences of lake action 

 at the Whittlesey level are found beyond the Hamburg moraine, east 

 of a line joining East Aurora and Alden. With the removal of the 

 ice front from the Batavia moraine and from the limestone escarp- 

 ment east of Indian Falls the Warren waters were allowed to pass 

 eastward into central New York. 



All of the moraines between and including the Escarpment and 

 Batavia moraines have been cut and channeled by stream work 

 past the ice front, while their western extensions have been sub- 

 dued or even buried by lake action, in consequence of which they 

 are imperfect on all the territory lakeward of the divide. Leverett's 

 divisions of the moraine belts do not sufficiently recognize this fact. 

 If there had been no removal of the moraine drift it would be 

 impossible to distinguish all the belts named above. For example, 

 east of East Aurora the Gowanda, Hamburg and Marilla moraines 

 are virtually only a single'moraine , cut by stream channels through- 

 out its entire breadth. The Gowanda belt is probably only the 

 northern edge of the Escarpment moraine; and the Marilla is the 

 same part of the Hamburg moraine. 



Mention has been made of isolated fragments of the eroded 

 moraines. Others will be seen on the maps; particularly a mass 



