66 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM 



The above table shows that the vertical interval between the 

 Whittlesey beach and the highest Warren is commonly about 45 to 

 50 feet. The interval between the highest and the lowest Warren 

 is relatively more variable, but the two intervals added together 

 generally make a total range of about 70 feet between the Whit- 

 tlesey and the lowest good Warren bar. 



The vertical range of the Warren bars is thought to be greater 

 than is usually possible for strong offshore or submerged bars in a 

 body of fresh water having a steady surface or only a single level. 

 That the higher and stronger bars represent a lake level of long 

 endurance can not be doubted. They represent a water level, 

 and the problem before us relates to a second or lower lake surface 

 in explanation of the lower bars. The following suggestions are 

 proposed. 



1 The lower and multiple bars might be the effect of very slowly 

 falling waters, with or without long pauses, produced by the down 

 cutting of the lake outlet. 



2 The vertical spacing might be due to progressive differential 

 uplift or tilting of the land during the life of the lake. 



3 The lower bars long ago suggested a second distinct lake level, 

 and the names "Arkona" and "Forest" have been used by some 

 authors for the upper and lower bars which in this writing are 

 collectively called Warren. 



4 The lower bars may, at least in part, represent the offshore, 

 submerged sand ridges formed by the drag of heavy waves along 

 with the transporting effect of shore currents. 



In discussing the above explanations of the multiple bars the 

 following facts should be considered: 



a The practical absence of inferior or secondary bars of much 

 strength along the Whittlesey shore. From the Whittlesey ridge 

 down through the 40 to 50 feet to the upper Warren level, bar ridges 

 are commonly wanting. 



b The multiple Warren bars occur in strongest development on 

 delta tracts or where abundant detrital material was available for 

 ridge construction: for example, at State Line, Portland, Hanover 

 Center, Brant, Eden, Hamburg, Elma and West Alden. 



c Eastward from Crittenden or well beyond the Whittlesey area 

 the Warren shore becomes simple and resembles the Whittlesey. 



d In New York the Whittlesey was inaugurated as a primitive, 

 invading lake, on the land surface abandoned by the ice sheet. 

 The Warren water, on the other hand, was not inaugurated wholly 



