176 BOTANICAL GAZETTE [august 



representatives. In the Engler arrangement, based on floral characters, 

 they are one of the three most primitive groups of the Archichlamydeae. 

 Most of the eastern representatives of the group have uniseriate rays and 

 "terminal" parenchyma ("only at the end of the annual ring") in the stem 

 cylinder, but in the conservative regions multiseriate rays and vasicentric 

 parenchyma are found. This latter combination is found also in the stem 

 cylinders of certain western forms. The conclusion from these facts is that 

 multiseriate rays and vasicentric parenchyma represent the primitive con- 

 dition of the group, and that their present simple structure is due to a reduction 

 from a more complex structure. This means that, according to the testimony 

 of vascular anatomy, the Salicales should be transferred from a very low 

 position to a relatively high one among the Archichlamydeae. — J. M. C. 



fruit of Compositae. — Lavialle 16 has begu 



volume 



Compositae, a complex of testa and pericarp. The first chapter and part of 

 the second have appeared in the Annates as cited. Since 298 species, repre- 



observations 



great. Just 



of the 



.. 



very 



)bvious. In the account 

 the fruit of Compositae," 

 apparent. The citations 

 are few, and apparently no contributions in English were available. — J. M. C. 



A new Cordaites. — Miss Benson 17 has described a new species of Cor- 

 daites from a fairly well preserved specimen obtained from the coal mines at 

 Shore, England. It is compared with related species, and the 



intimation 



Wedek 



Mitrosp 



with it in the deposit. The whole leaf is said to have "a markedly xerophilous 

 character."— J. M. C. 



16 Lavialle, P., Recherches sur le developpement de l'ovaire en fruit chez les 

 Composees. Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. IX. 15:39-64. 1912. 



a ret 



Lower Coal Measures of England. Ann. Botany 26: 201-207. pi. 22. fig. i> i9 12 - 



