i9i 2] YAMANOUCHI—CUTLERIA 443 



only exceptional cases of parthenogenesis. He states that in the 

 Bay of Naples the male and female plants occur in the ratio of 3 

 to 2. He obtained filaments of both Zanardinia and Aglaozonia 

 which produced non-motile spores. In the cultures of Cutleria, 

 Desmotrichum finally appeared, and consequently the ultimate 

 products of the fertilized female gametes were not clearly followed. 

 Falkenberg (12) in 1878, taking great care to obtain pure 

 cultures of both fertilized and unfertilized female gametes, fully 

 demonstrated the necessity of fertilization for germination. The 

 female gametes, entirely separated from the male gametes, retained 

 their capacity for fertilization for four or five days and then never 



grew beyond the formation 



Falkenberg 



demonstrated 



in 



veloping the sporelings to a considerable size; in 6-8 weeks 

 the sporeling in the stage of "foot embryo" (Keimfuss) had 

 developed as a secondary lateral outgrowth the creeping flat form 

 {kriechende Flachsprosse), which is identical with the creeping 

 thallus of Aglaozonia. This kind of sporeling may be designated 

 as form Falkenbergiana. Falkenberg was the first to associate 

 Cutleria multifida with Aglaozonia reptans, and Cutleria ads per sa 

 with Aglaozonia chilosa. Four years later Janczewski (21), at 

 Antibes, did with Cutleria adspersa what Reinke and Falkenberg 

 had done with Cutleria at Naples, and showed that unfertilized 

 gametes of Cutleria adspersa do not develop further. 



In 1894 Kuckuck (24) described a plant under the name of C. 

 multifida var. confervoides. The plants came up in the tank of the 

 Helgoland Laboratory in the summer of 1893, and were attached 

 to stones which had been collected in the North Haven in fairly 

 shallow water of 1-3 fathoms. The plants were monosiphonic and 



of them were in the renroduction stage. The normal Cutleria 



some 



WOLLNY 



known 



not clear. 



The origin of the plant is 



made bv Church in 



1898 were from material collected in English waters. Church (6) 

 obained the material by dredging in the estuary of the river 

 Yealm, near Plymouth, England, at 2-3 fathoms below low water 



