270 BOTANICAL GAZETTE [march 



set, or column, water (or colored standard solution) is used in the outer cup, 

 and the colored test fluid plus the indicator in the inner cup. After adjust- 

 ment, this set is not removed from the colorimeter during an observation. In 

 the case of the righthand set the outer cup contains the colored test fluid* 

 while the inner cup is for the standard solution plus indicator. This set 

 is placed on the right for convenience, as it may be necessary to compare 

 with the test fluid a series of standards until an exact match is obtained. A 

 rough comparison, of course, is made before selecting the standard solution for 

 comparison. In each case the column must contain an equal depth of colored 

 test solution and of standard or colorless liquid, the indicator being in the 

 standard in the one case and in the test solution in the other. There are no 

 optical difficulties, and unless the indicator combines with the test solution, 

 the comparison may be perfect." - 



The authors believe this method is as rapid as and more accurate than 

 other methods. — J. Woodard. 



Storied structure of dicotyledonous woods. — A recent paper by Record 3 

 continues his studies upon the storied or tierlike structure of woods. He finds 

 this arrangement of the secondary elements characteristic of many dicoty- 

 ledonous woods, occurring through a wide range of orders and families. Such 

 woods on longitudinal section (particularly the tangential) present fine cross 

 lines or striations ("ripple marks"), which may be due to (1) the horizontal 

 sedation of the medullary rays, (2) the tierlike arrangement of the tracheids, 

 wood fibers, vessel segments, and the secondary phloem elements, or (3) a 

 combination of (1) and (2). In some woods the pit areas on the fibers are also 

 in seriation. This storied structure has been found fairly characteristic of 

 the families Leguminosae (40 genera), Bignoniaceae (3), Bombacaceae (3)* 

 Compositae (3), Malvaceae (4), Sterculiaceae (7), Tiliaceae (5), and Zygophyl- 

 laceae (3); and occurs in one or two genera of each of the following families : 

 Amarantaceae, Ebenaceae, Hippocastanaceae, Moraceae, Sapindaceae, and 

 Ulmaceae. 



Particular attention has been given in the present investigation to the 

 various elements storied, the uniformity and distinctness of these transverse 

 lines (ripple marks), and the height of the tiers in each wood examined. 

 "Ripple marks" are sufficiently constant in stems of considerable thickness to 

 serve, the author believes, as a "valuable diagnostic feature."— LaDema M. 



Langdon. 



Antarctic 



TURRILL* 



convenient and useful summary the botanical results of the Swedish expedi- 



3 Record, S. J., Storied or tierlike structures of certain dicotyledonous woods. 

 Bull. Torr. Bot. Club 46:253-273. 1919. 



4 Turrill, W. B., Botanical results of Swedish South American and antarctic 

 expeditions. Roy. Bot. Gard. Kevv Bull. 268-279. 1919. 



